{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T17:55:08Z","timestamp":1777312508690,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health problem. Reduced innate and adaptive immunological responses predispose CKD patients to infections. Despite the clinical and epidemiological importance of CKD and the great value of vaccination as a prophylactic measure, the utilization of recommended vaccines in Qatar has not yet been evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study to estimate the level of influenza, pneumococcal, and hepatitis B vaccination and the predictors of adherence to these recommended vaccines among non-dialysis CKD patients receiving renal ambulatory care in Qatar from 1 September 2020 to 30 April 2021. Complete vaccination was defined as receiving the three vaccines, and partial vaccination was defined as receiving one or two vaccines. The full and partial vaccination predictors were assessed using multivariate logistic regression and reported as odds ratio (OR) with p&lt;0.05 indicating statistical significance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results: 416 non-dialysis CKD patients were included in our analysis. 73% were males; the mean age was 56 \u00b1 15 years. More than 50% of the patients were from the Middle East, followed by 36% from Asia. Most patients had concurrent hypertension, concurrent diabetes mellitus, and were stage V CKD. Only 12% of the patients were fully vaccinated, while 73% received partial vaccination. The predictors of vaccination included age, gender, Asian origin, employment, living conditions, concurrent medical conditions, CKD stage, allergy to medications, and use of injectable medications. Only stage V CKD positively predicted adherence to full and partial vaccinations in non-dialysis CKD patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusion: There is very low adherence to the recommended vaccines in CKD patients, with a prevalence of complete vaccination of 12% only. Increased public awareness about the importance of vaccination in CKD may improve the adherence rates among these patients in Qatar.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5339\/qmj.2023.33","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]],"date-time":"2024-01-03T02:30:21Z","timestamp":1704249021000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Determinants of vaccine adherence among non-dialysis chronic kidney disease patients in Qatar"],"prefix":"10.5339","volume":"2023","author":[{"given":"Mhd Baraa","family":"Habib","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khaled","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Community Medicine Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar Email: kali15@hamad.qa ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8073-4375"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alaa","family":"Rahhal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Obeidat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Altermanini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bisher","family":"Sawaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tarek Abdel","family":"latif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdullah","family":"Hamad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iheb","family":"Bougmiza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Community Medicine Department, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sahar Ismail","family":"Aly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khaled Mohamed","family":"Mahmoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3277","reference":[{"key":"CIT0001","series-title":"Atlas of Chronic Kidney Disease and End-Stage Renal Disease in the United States c2013 [cited 2023 Jan 31]","author":"United States Renal Data System [Internet]"},{"issue":"(5):","key":"CIT0002","series-title":"Kidney Int","first-page":"950\u20137","article-title":"A systematic analysis of worldwide population-based data on the global burden of chronic kidney disease in 2010","volume":"88","author":"Mills KT","year":"2015"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"CIT0003","series-title":"Am J Kidney Dis","first-page":"677\u201384","article-title":"A population-based study of the incidence and outcomes of diagnosed chronic kidney disease","volume":"42","author":"Drey N","year":"2003"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0004","series-title":"Kidney Int Suppl (2011)","first-page":"19\u201362","volume":"3","author":"Chapter 1: Definition and classification of CKD","year":"2013"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0005","series-title":"Clin Chem","first-page":"5\u201318","article-title":"Recommendations for improving serum creatinine measurement: a report from the Laboratory Working Group of the National Kidney Disease Education Program","volume":"52","author":"Myers GL","year":"2006"},{"issue":"(1 Suppl 1):","key":"CIT0006","series-title":"Am J Kidney Dis","first-page":"A8, e1-526","article-title":"US Renal Data System 2010 Annual Data Report","volume":"57","author":"Collins AJ","year":"2011"},{"issue":"(148):","key":"CIT0007","series-title":"Vital Health Stat 13","first-page":"1-194","article-title":"National hospital discharge survey: annual summary, 1998","author":"Popovic JR","year":"2000"},{"issue":"(10053):","key":"CIT0008","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"1603-1658","article-title":"Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 315 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE), 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015","volume":"388","author":"GBD 2015 DALYs and HALE Collaborators","year":"2016"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"CIT0009","series-title":"Qatar Med J","first-page":"57","article-title":"Risk factors associated with chronic kidney disease progression: Long-term retrospective analysis from Qatar","volume":"2022","author":"Hamdi AF","year":"2022"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0010","series-title":"Adv Chronic Kidney Dis","first-page":"72\u201378","article-title":"Vaccination in Chronic Kidney Disease","volume":"26","author":"Reddy S","year":"2019"},{"issue":"(6):","key":"CIT0011","series-title":"Am J Kidney Dis","first-page":"1184\u201392","article-title":"Stage of chronic kidney disease predicts seroconversion after hepatitis B immunization: earlier is better","volume":"42","author":"DaRoza G","year":"2003"},{"key":"CIT0012","series-title":"Ann Intern Med","first-page":"210\u201320","article-title":"Recommended Immunization Schedule for Adults Aged 19 Years or Older, United States, 2018","volume":"168:","author":"Kim DK","year":"2018;"},{"issue":"(6):","key":"CIT0013","series-title":"Chest","first-page":"1883\u20137","article-title":"Pulmonary infectious mortality among patients with end-stage renal disease","volume":"120","author":"Sarnak MJ","year":"2001"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"CIT0014","series-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant","first-page":"800\u20137","article-title":"Vaccination and chronic kidney disease","volume":"23","author":"Janus N","year":"2008"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0015","series-title":"Qatar Med J","first-page":"6","article-title":"Time-Series Forecasting of Hemodialysis Population in the State of Qatar by 2030","volume":"2023","author":"Hamad A","year":"2023"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"CIT0016","series-title":"Am J Kidney Dis","first-page":"417\u2013425","article-title":"Practical Guide to Vaccination in All Stages of CKD, Including Patients Treated by Dialysis or Kidney Transplantation","volume":"75","author":"rueger KM","year":"2020"},{"key":"CIT0017","series-title":"Qatar Open Data, c2023 [cited 2023 Oct 16]","author":"Qatar monthly statistics population by gender [Internet]"},{"issue":"(10):","key":"CIT0018","series-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant","first-page":"2067\u201373","article-title":"The influence of uraemia and haemodialysis on neutrophil phagocytosis and antimicrobial killing","volume":"18","author":"Anding K","year":"2003"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0019","series-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol","first-page":"204\u2013212","article-title":"Early T cell activation correlates with expression of apoptosis markers in patients with end-stage renal disease","volume":"13","author":"Meier P","year":"2002"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0020","series-title":"Clin Immunol","first-page":"83\u201391","article-title":"Progressive loss of renal function is associated with activation and depletion of naive T lymphocytes","volume":"118","author":"Litjens NH","year":"2006"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"CIT0021","series-title":"Am J Nephrol","first-page":"247-54","article-title":"Leukocyte toll-like receptor expression in end-stage kidney disease","volume":"31","author":"Gollapudi P","year":"2010;"},{"issue":"(5):","key":"CIT0022","series-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol","first-page":"1526\u201333","article-title":"Aspects of immune dysfunction in end-stage renal disease","volume":"3","author":"Kato S","year":"2008"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"CIT0023","series-title":"Clin Exp Nephrol","first-page":"437\u2013447","article-title":"Clinical epidemiology of infectious disease among patients with chronic kidney disease","volume":"23","author":"Ishigami J","year":"2019"},{"issue":"(52):","key":"CIT0024","series-title":"Vaccine","first-page":"6681-6690","article-title":"Vaccination of special populations: Protecting the vulnerable","volume":"34","author":"Doherty M","year":"2016"},{"issue":"(2):","key":"CIT0025","series-title":"Am J Kidney 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Med","first-page":"244","article-title":"Influenza vaccination in patients with end-stage renal disease: systematic review and assessment of quality of evidence related to vaccine efficacy, effectiveness, and safety","volume":"12:","author":"Remschmidt C","year":"2014"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"CIT0030","series-title":"Infect Dis Rep","first-page":"1036-1042","article-title":"Hepatitis B Vaccination in Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease: A Quality Improvement Project at a Veteran Affairs Chronic Kidney Disease Clinic","volume":"13","author":"Hettenbaugh J","year":"2021"},{"issue":"(2):","key":"CIT0031","series-title":"World J Nephrol","first-page":"9\u201317","article-title":"Restructuring nephrology services to combat COVID-19 pandemic: Report from a Middle Eastern country","volume":"9","author":"Asim M","year":"2020;"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"CIT0032","series-title":"Qatar Med J","first-page":"38","article-title":"National response to the COVID-19 Omicron variant crisis in the ambulatory hemodialysis service in the State of Qatar","volume":"2022","author":"Hamad AI","year":"2022"},{"issue":"(2):","key":"CIT0033","series-title":"Expert Rev Vaccines","first-page":"285\u201398","article-title":"Vaccination issues in patients with chronic kidney disease","volume":"13","author":"Mathew R","year":"2014"},{"issue":"(33):","key":"CIT0034","series-title":"Vaccine","first-page":"4733-4741","article-title":"Comparative cost-effectiveness of a 2-dose versus 3-dose vaccine for hepatitis B prevention in selected adult populations","volume":"39","author":"Hirst A","year":"2021"},{"issue":"(21):","key":"CIT0035","series-title":"Vaccine","first-page":"2921-2927","article-title":"A systematic review of strategies for reducing missed opportunities for vaccination","volume":"36","author":"Jaca A","year":"2018"},{"issue":"(24):","key":"CIT0036","series-title":"Vaccine","first-page":"2635-43","article-title":"Factors associated with incomplete or delayed vaccination across countries: A systematic review","volume":"34","author":"Mde C","year":"2016"},{"key":"CIT0037","series-title":"J Emerg Med Trauma Acute Care","first-page":"42","article-title":"Challenges to improve the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Immunization among the dialysis population in Hamad General Hospital in the Nephrology Division, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, State of Qatar","volume":"2022:","author":"Singh P","year":"2022;"},{"key":"CIT0038","article-title":"Global Vaccine Action Plan Monitoring, Evaluation & Accountability: Secretariat Annual Report 2020, c2020 [cited 2023 Jan 26]","author":"World Health Organization [Internet]"},{"key":"CIT0001","series-title":"Atlas of Chronic Kidney Disease and End-Stage Renal Disease in the United States c2013 [cited 2023 Jan 31]","author":"United States Renal Data System [Internet]"},{"issue":"(5):","key":"CIT0002","series-title":"Kidney Int","first-page":"950\u20137","article-title":"A systematic analysis of worldwide population-based data on the global burden of chronic kidney disease in 2010","volume":"88","author":"Mills KT","year":"2015"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"CIT0003","series-title":"Am J Kidney Dis","first-page":"677\u201384","article-title":"A population-based study of the incidence and outcomes of diagnosed chronic kidney disease","volume":"42","author":"Drey N","year":"2003"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0004","series-title":"Kidney Int Suppl (2011)","first-page":"19\u201362","volume":"3","author":"Chapter 1: Definition and classification of CKD","year":"2013"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0005","series-title":"Clin Chem","first-page":"5\u201318","article-title":"Recommendations for improving serum creatinine measurement: a report from the Laboratory Working Group of the National Kidney Disease Education Program","volume":"52","author":"Myers GL","year":"2006"},{"issue":"(1 Suppl 1):","key":"CIT0006","series-title":"Am J Kidney Dis","first-page":"A8, e1-526","article-title":"US Renal Data System 2010 Annual Data Report","volume":"57","author":"Collins AJ","year":"2011"},{"issue":"(148):","key":"CIT0007","series-title":"Vital Health Stat 13","first-page":"1-194","article-title":"National hospital discharge survey: annual summary, 1998","author":"Popovic JR","year":"2000"},{"issue":"(10053):","key":"CIT0008","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"1603-1658","article-title":"Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 315 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE), 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015","volume":"388","author":"GBD 2015 DALYs and HALE Collaborators","year":"2016"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"CIT0009","series-title":"Qatar Med J","first-page":"57","article-title":"Risk factors associated with chronic kidney disease progression: Long-term retrospective analysis from Qatar","volume":"2022","author":"Hamdi AF","year":"2022"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0010","series-title":"Adv Chronic Kidney Dis","first-page":"72\u201378","article-title":"Vaccination in Chronic Kidney Disease","volume":"26","author":"Reddy S","year":"2019"},{"issue":"(6):","key":"CIT0011","series-title":"Am J Kidney Dis","first-page":"1184\u201392","article-title":"Stage of chronic kidney disease predicts seroconversion after hepatitis B immunization: earlier is better","volume":"42","author":"DaRoza G","year":"2003"},{"key":"CIT0012","series-title":"Ann Intern Med","first-page":"210\u201320","article-title":"Recommended Immunization Schedule for Adults Aged 19 Years or Older, United States, 2018","volume":"168:","author":"Kim DK","year":"2018;"},{"issue":"(6):","key":"CIT0013","series-title":"Chest","first-page":"1883\u20137","article-title":"Pulmonary infectious mortality among patients with end-stage renal disease","volume":"120","author":"Sarnak MJ","year":"2001"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"CIT0014","series-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant","first-page":"800\u20137","article-title":"Vaccination and chronic kidney disease","volume":"23","author":"Janus N","year":"2008"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0015","series-title":"Qatar Med J","first-page":"6","article-title":"Time-Series Forecasting of Hemodialysis Population in the State of Qatar by 2030","volume":"2023","author":"Hamad A","year":"2023"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"CIT0016","series-title":"Am J Kidney Dis","first-page":"417\u2013425","article-title":"Practical Guide to Vaccination in All Stages of CKD, Including Patients Treated by Dialysis or Kidney Transplantation","volume":"75","author":"rueger KM","year":"2020"},{"key":"CIT0017","series-title":"Qatar Open Data, c2023 [cited 2023 Oct 16]","author":"Qatar monthly statistics population by gender [Internet]"},{"issue":"(10):","key":"CIT0018","series-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant","first-page":"2067\u201373","article-title":"The influence of uraemia and haemodialysis on neutrophil phagocytosis and antimicrobial killing","volume":"18","author":"Anding K","year":"2003"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0019","series-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol","first-page":"204\u2013212","article-title":"Early T cell activation correlates with expression of apoptosis markers in patients with end-stage renal disease","volume":"13","author":"Meier P","year":"2002"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0020","series-title":"Clin Immunol","first-page":"83\u201391","article-title":"Progressive loss of renal function is associated with activation and depletion of naive T lymphocytes","volume":"118","author":"Litjens NH","year":"2006"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"CIT0021","series-title":"Am J Nephrol","first-page":"247-54","article-title":"Leukocyte toll-like receptor expression in end-stage kidney disease","volume":"31","author":"Gollapudi P","year":"2010;"},{"issue":"(5):","key":"CIT0022","series-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol","first-page":"1526\u201333","article-title":"Aspects of immune dysfunction in end-stage renal disease","volume":"3","author":"Kato S","year":"2008"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"CIT0023","series-title":"Clin Exp Nephrol","first-page":"437\u2013447","article-title":"Clinical epidemiology of infectious disease among patients with chronic kidney disease","volume":"23","author":"Ishigami J","year":"2019"},{"issue":"(52):","key":"CIT0024","series-title":"Vaccine","first-page":"6681-6690","article-title":"Vaccination of special populations: Protecting the vulnerable","volume":"34","author":"Doherty M","year":"2016"},{"issue":"(2):","key":"CIT0025","series-title":"Am J Kidney Dis","first-page":"356\u201360","article-title":"Protective effect of hepatitis B vaccine in chronic hemodialysis patients","volume":"33","author":"Miller ER","year":"1999"},{"issue":"(5):","key":"CIT0026","series-title":"Vaccine","first-page":"814-820","article-title":"Response to active hepatitis B vaccination and mortality in incident dialysis patients","volume":"35","author":"Zitt E","year":"2017"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"CIT0027","series-title":"Clin Kidney J","first-page":"318\u201324","article-title":"The ABC of pneumococcal infections and vaccination in patients with chronic kidney disease","volume":"8","author":"Vandecasteele SJ","year":"2015"},{"issue":"(9):","key":"CIT0028","series-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant","first-page":"2899\u2013906","article-title":"Epidemiology, clinical features and outcomes of pneumonia in patients with chronic kidney disease","volume":"26","author":"Viasus D","year":"2011"},{"key":"CIT0029","series-title":"BMC Med","first-page":"244","article-title":"Influenza vaccination in patients with end-stage renal disease: systematic review and assessment of quality of evidence related to vaccine efficacy, effectiveness, and safety","volume":"12:","author":"Remschmidt C","year":"2014"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"CIT0030","series-title":"Infect Dis Rep","first-page":"1036-1042","article-title":"Hepatitis B Vaccination in Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease: A Quality Improvement Project at a Veteran Affairs Chronic Kidney Disease Clinic","volume":"13","author":"Hettenbaugh J","year":"2021"},{"issue":"(2):","key":"CIT0031","series-title":"World J Nephrol","first-page":"9\u201317","article-title":"Restructuring nephrology services to combat COVID-19 pandemic: Report from a Middle Eastern country","volume":"9","author":"Asim M","year":"2020;"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"CIT0032","series-title":"Qatar Med J","first-page":"38","article-title":"National response to the COVID-19 Omicron variant crisis in the ambulatory hemodialysis service in the State of Qatar","volume":"2022","author":"Hamad AI","year":"2022"},{"issue":"(2):","key":"CIT0033","series-title":"Expert Rev Vaccines","first-page":"285\u201398","article-title":"Vaccination issues in patients with chronic kidney disease","volume":"13","author":"Mathew R","year":"2014"},{"issue":"(33):","key":"CIT0034","series-title":"Vaccine","first-page":"4733-4741","article-title":"Comparative cost-effectiveness of a 2-dose versus 3-dose vaccine for 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