{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T13:34:12Z","timestamp":1778852052152,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: There is limited data available regarding the prevalence of celiac disease (CD) among children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in Arab countries and the Middle East. This cross-sectional study has been designed to explore the prevalence of CD specifically within the population of Moroccan children and adolescents diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Patients and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of patients who underwent regular follow-up for T1DM at the Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Abderrahim Harouchi Children\u2019s University Hospital in Casablanca, over a 16-year period from 2004 to 2020. Patients were screened for CD by measuring anti-tissue transglutaminase IgA, and those with positive antibodies underwent endoscopy assessment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results and Discussion: All 550 patients regularly followed up with TIDM were screened for CD. Fifty-five (33 girls\/22 boys) of the screened patients had histologically documented CD, yielding a prevalence of 10%. Nineteen (41.9%) patients had developed CD within the initial four years of diagnosis with T1DM. Therefore, among the six confirmed CD patients, the average age at the onset of T1DM was 3.7 years. For twenty-four (57.5%) of the patients, exhibited no apparent clinical indications of CD, and their condition was only identified through systematic screening.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusion: This study showed a high prevalence rate of CD associated with type 1 diabetes T1DM, particularly among young children. The results of this paper indicate one of the highest prevalence rates reported in the existing literature for the coexistence of CD and T1DM. These findings may suggest the necessity of a systematic screening of CD in T1DM patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5339\/qmj.2023.37","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,28]],"date-time":"2023-12-28T00:30:21Z","timestamp":1703723421000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prevalence of celiac disease in Moroccan children with type 1 diabetes mellitus: A 16-year cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.5339","volume":"2023","author":[{"given":"Ouijdane","family":"Belhiba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Inflammation and Allergy LICIA, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, King Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco Email: ouijdanebelhiba@gmail.com ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6523-3177"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed Aziz","family":"Bousfiha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Inflammation and Allergy LICIA, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, King Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco Email: ouijdanebelhiba@gmail.com ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6523-3177"},{"name":"Department of pediatric infectious and immunological diseases, Abderrahim El Harouchi Children Hospital, University Hospital Center Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Farida","family":"Jennane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Abderrahim Harouchi Children\u2019s Hospital, Ibn Rochd Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3277","reference":[{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0001","series-title":"Gastroenterol Clin North Am","first-page":"19-37","article-title":"Celiac Disease: Clinical Features and Diagnosis","volume":"48","author":"Hujoel\n \nIA","year":"2019"},{"issue":"(Suppl 27):","key":"CIT0002","series-title":"Pediatr Diabetes","first-page":"275-286","article-title":"ISPAD Clinical Practice 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27):","key":"CIT0017","series-title":"Pediatr Diabetes","first-page":"7-19","article-title":"ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2018: Definition, epidemiology, and classification of diabetes in children and adolescents","volume":"19 Suppl 27","author":"Mayer-Davis\n \nEJ","year":"2018"},{"issue":"(10):","key":"CIT0018","series-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol","first-page":"1185-94","article-title":"The histopathology of coeliac disease: time for a standardized report scheme for pathologists","volume":"11","author":"Oberhuber\n \nG","year":"1999"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0019","series-title":"Saudi Med J","first-page":"26-31","article-title":"Glycemic control, complications, and associated autoimmune diseases in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","volume":"36","author":"Agha\n \nAE","year":"2015"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"CIT0020","series-title":"Oman Med J","first-page":"260-3","article-title":"Prevalence of celiac disease in omani 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intol\u00e9rance au gluten: maladies auto-immmunes extrapancr\u00e9atiques associ\u00e9es au diab\u00e8te de type 1 [Thyroiditis and gluten intolerance: extrapancreatic auto-immune diseases associated with type 1 diabetes]","volume":"14","author":"Faesch\n \nS","year":"2007"},{"issue":"(2):","key":"CIT0028","series-title":"Turk J Gastroenterol","first-page":"122-6","article-title":"Prevalence of celiac disease in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus in the south of Iran","volume":"24","author":"Honar\n \nN","year":"2013;"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"CIT0029","series-title":"J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol","first-page":"151-4","article-title":"Celiac disease and autoimmune thyroid disease in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus: clinical and HLA-genotyping results","volume":"2","author":"Erg\u00fcr\n \nAT","year":"2010;"},{"issue":"(5):","key":"CIT0030","series-title":"Indian J Gastroenterol","first-page":"372-378","article-title":"Prevalence of celiac disease in Indian children with 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Proc","first-page":"1429-34","article-title":"Celiac disease in type 1 diabetes mellitus in a North American community: prevalence, serologic screening, and clinical features","volume":"80","author":"Mahmud\n \nFH","year":"2005"},{"issue":"(9):","key":"CIT0010","series-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol","first-page":"755-768","article-title":"World Gastroenterology Organisation Global Guidelines: Celiac Disease February 2017","volume":"51","author":"Bai\n \nJC","year":"2017"},{"key":"CIT0011","series-title":"Int J Endocrinol","first-page":"7895207","article-title":"The Prevalence of Celiac Disease-Specific Auto-Antibodies in Type 1 Diabetes in a Moroccan Population","author":"Oujamaa\n \nI","year":"2019"},{"issue":"(6):","key":"CIT0012","series-title":"Endocr Pract","first-page":"660-667","article-title":"Effect Of Gluten-Free Diet On Metabolic Control And Anthropometric Parameters In Type 1 Diabetes With Subclinical Celiac Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"26","author":"Kaur\n \nP","year":"2020"},{"issue":"(5):","key":"CIT0013","series-title":"Diabetes Care","first-page":"801-7","article-title":"Microvascular Complications in Childhood-Onset Type 1 Diabetes and Celiac Disease: A Multicenter Longitudinal Analysis of 56,514 Patients From the German-Austrian DPV Database","volume":"38","author":"Rohrer\n \nTR","year":"2015"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"CIT0014","series-title":"J Intern Med","first-page":"273-80","article-title":"Long-term coeliac disease influences risk of death in patients with type 1 diabetes","volume":"274","author":"Mollazadegan\n \nK","year":"2013"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"CIT0015","series-title":"Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench","first-page":"189-97","article-title":"Type 1 diabetes mellitus and gluten induced disorders","volume":"7","author":"Kollars\n \nS","year":"2014"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0016","series-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr","first-page":"136-60","article-title":"European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition guidelines for the diagnosis of coeliac disease","volume":"54","author":"Husby\n \nS","year":"2012"},{"issue":"(Suppl 27):","key":"CIT0017","series-title":"Pediatr Diabetes","first-page":"7-19","article-title":"ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2018: Definition, epidemiology, and classification of diabetes in children and adolescents","volume":"19 Suppl 27","author":"Mayer-Davis\n \nEJ","year":"2018"},{"issue":"(10):","key":"CIT0018","series-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol","first-page":"1185-94","article-title":"The histopathology of coeliac disease: time for a standardized report scheme for pathologists","volume":"11","author":"Oberhuber\n \nG","year":"1999"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0019","series-title":"Saudi Med J","first-page":"26-31","article-title":"Glycemic control, complications, and associated autoimmune diseases in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","volume":"36","author":"Agha\n \nAE","year":"2015"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"CIT0020","series-title":"Oman Med J","first-page":"260-3","article-title":"Prevalence of celiac disease in omani children with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a cross sectional study","volume":"28","author":"Al-Sinani\n \nS","year":"2013"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0021","series-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol","first-page":"59-63","article-title":"HLA-DQ types of celiac disease in Libyan children with type 1 diabetes mellitus","volume":"24","author":"Ghawil\n \nM","year":"2012"},{"key":"CIT0022","series-title":"Acta Paediatr Suppl","first-page":"58-60","article-title":"Prevalence of coeliac disease in diabetic children and their first- degree relatives in west Algeria: screening with serological markers","volume":"412:","author":"Boudraa\n \nG","year":"1996"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0023","series-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol","first-page":"52-8","article-title":"High prevalence of celiac disease in 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