{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T17:55:22Z","timestamp":1777312522665,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,21]]},"abstract":"\n Objective:<\/jats:bold>\n Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a complex inborn error of humoral immunity with complications of both infectious and non-infectious origins. Classifications of CVID patients provide a clearer understanding of the pathogenesis, prediction, and management of non-infectious complications. This study aims to classify Moroccan CVID patients based on the European classification (EUROclass).\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n We recruited 20 CVID patients meeting standard diagnostic criteria (5-6). After collecting clinical and demographic data, we used flow cytometry to analyze B-cell subsets and group patients and assess the relation of each group with clinical manifestations.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Results:<\/jats:bold>\n 90% of the patients in our cohort study had a history of respiratory infections. The non-infectious manifestations included splenomegaly, autoimmunity, lymphadenopathy, and granulomatous diseases diagnosed in 50%, 45%, 40%, and 25% of patients, respectively. We observed significant co-occurrence of splenomegaly with autoimmunity and granulomatous diseases to a lesser extent. Patients had a significant reduction in total, switched memory, marginal zone-like, plasma blasts, and a substantial increase in the percentage of activated B cells, suggesting a defect in the late phases of B-cell differentiation. This condition was linked with an increased occurrence of splenomegaly and granulomatous affections. Besides, patients also had an expansion of CD21\n low<\/jats:sup>\n B-cells, which was strongly associated with splenomegaly.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n The classification of the first Moroccan cohort of CVID patients showed agreement with previous results. It suggests the possibility of adopting this approach on a global scale for better diagnosis and follow-up of CVID patients.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5339\/qmj.2023.sqac.23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,21]],"date-time":"2023-05-21T05:30:27Z","timestamp":1684647027000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Classification of common variable immunodeficiency through immunological and clinical phenotyping in Moroccan patients"],"prefix":"10.5339","volume":"2023","author":[{"given":"Khaoula","family":"Mokhantar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Inflammation, and Allergy (LICIA), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco Email: khaoulamokhantar@gmail.com"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abir","family":"Allaoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Inflammation, and Allergy (LICIA), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco Email: khaoulamokhantar@gmail.com"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Cheikh Khalifa International University Hospital, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatima","family":"Ailal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Inflammation, and Allergy (LICIA), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco Email: khaoulamokhantar@gmail.com"},{"name":"Department of pediatric infectious and immunological diseases, Abderrahim El Harouchi Children Hospital, University Hospital Center Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jalila El","family":"Bakkouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Inflammation, and Allergy (LICIA), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco Email: khaoulamokhantar@gmail.com"},{"name":"Immunology Laboratory, IBN Rochd University Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaoutar","family":"Ouazahrou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Inflammation, and Allergy (LICIA), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco Email: khaoulamokhantar@gmail.com"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abderrahmane","family":"Errami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Inflammation, and Allergy (LICIA), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco Email: khaoulamokhantar@gmail.com"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed Aziz","family":"Bousfiha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Inflammation, and Allergy (LICIA), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco Email: khaoulamokhantar@gmail.com"},{"name":"Department of pediatric infectious and immunological diseases, Abderrahim El Harouchi Children Hospital, University Hospital Center Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mina","family":"Moudatir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Inflammation, and Allergy (LICIA), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco Email: khaoulamokhantar@gmail.com"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Ibn Rochd UHC, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3277","reference":[{"issue":"(2):","key":"CIT0001","series-title":"Clin Exp Immunol","first-page":"225-31","article-title":"Selective IgA deficiency (SIgAD) and common variable immunodeficiency (CVID)","volume":"120","year":"2000"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0002","series-title":"Immunol Res","first-page":"132-44","article-title":"Global overview of primary immunodeficiencies: a worldwide report from Jeffrey Modell Centers focused on diagnosis, treatment, and discovery","volume":"60","year":"2014"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0003","series-title":"Blood","first-page":"77-85","article-title":"The EUROclass trial: defining subgroups in common variable immunodeficiency","volume":"111","year":"2008"},{"key":"CIT0004","series-title":"J Clin Immunol","article-title":"The 2022 Update of IUIS Phenotypical Classification for Human Inborn Errors of Immunity","year":"2022"},{"issue":"(7):","key":"CIT0005","series-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immunol","first-page":"825-32","article-title":"Clinical and immunological features of 65 Iranian patients with common variable immunodeficiency","volume":"12","year":"2005"},{"issue":"(5):","key":"CIT0006","series-title":"Blood","first-page":"1544-51","article-title":"Severe deficiency of switched memory B cells (CD27(+)IgM(-)IgD(-)) in subgroups of patients with common variable immunodeficiency: a new approach to classify a heterogeneous disease","volume":"99","year":"2002"},{"issue":"(2):","key":"CIT0007","series-title":"Allergol Immunopathol (Madr)","first-page":"183-192","article-title":"Comparison of various classifications for patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) using measurement of B-cell subsets","volume":"45","year":"2017"}],"container-title":["Qatar Medical Journal"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.qscience.com\/view\/journals\/qmj\/2023\/2\/article-23.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.qscience.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/qmj\/2023\/2\/article-23.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.qscience.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/qmj\/2023\/2\/article-23.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T17:20:29Z","timestamp":1777310429000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.qscience.com\/view\/journals\/qmj\/2023\/2\/article-23.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,21]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5339\/qmj.2023.sqac.23","relation":{},"ISSN":["2227-0426"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2227-0426","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,21]]}}}