{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T17:47:59Z","timestamp":1777312079769,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Myiasis is a neglected disease, characterized by ill-defined diagnostics and management protocols. Published epidemiological and clinical studies of myiasis are still scarce, although several countries, such as Oman, have reported a few cases over the past 30 years. This study explores the epidemiological profile and clinical characteristics of myiasis in South Batinah Governorate (SBG), Oman.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methodology: A prospective surveillance study was conducted in SBG from 1st November 2018 to 31st October 2019. Clinical and epidemiological data were collected using a pre-designed reporting form for suspected and confirmed cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results: A total of 188 cases were reported, of which 81.4% were male. One-third of cases were 11\u201320 years old, and a quarter reported exposure inside house. The rate of exposure was 16 per 10000 in Nakhal and Wadi Mawel. About 57% patients reported multiple re-exposure. Almost 60% of patients developed nasal or oral myiasis, 25% developed myiasis in the eye, and 4% in the ear. The most common respiratory symptoms were cough (83%), runny nose (48%), and foreign body sensation (35%). Over 50% of patients with eye exposures had redness, pain, and itchiness. Most patients (89.3%) kept animals at homes. Many cases occurred between December 2018 and April 2019, with almost one-third of exposures occurring at 5 p.m. Re-exposure likelihood for patients residing in Nakhal and Wadi Mawel was high; OR = 2.49 (95% CI 1.14\u20135.45), with OR = 3.59 (95% CI 1.37\u20139.39) for 11\u201320-year-olds and, OR = 3.01 (95% CI 1.07\u20138.42) for patients \u2265 31 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusion: The myiasis exposure rate is high in certain areas and age groups, which is most likely associated with animal-related activities. The disease has a significant impact upon people\u2019s health in SBG. Therefore, urgent active-surveillance and clinical studies are warranted to explore possible preventive measures and treatment options. Adopting one health approach could offer an effective strategy for preventing myiasis in human and animal populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5339\/qmj.2024.15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]],"date-time":"2024-03-21T01:30:31Z","timestamp":1710984631000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The epidemiology and clinical features of the neglected myiasis: A pilot surveillance study from Oman"],"prefix":"10.5339","volume":"2024","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4456-3177","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zayid K","family":"Almayahi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Disease Surveillance and Control Department, Ministry of Health, South Batinah, Rustaq, Oman Email: almayahi96@hotmail.com"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahfoudha","family":"Al Hattali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disease Surveillance and Control Department, Ministry of Health, South Batinah, Rustaq, Oman Email: almayahi96@hotmail.com"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9127-3244","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zalkha","family":"Al Kharusi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wadi Mistal Hospital, Primary Health Care Department, Ministry of Health, South Batinah, Wadi Mawel, Oman"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0909-0229","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dalal","family":"Al Shaqsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disease Surveillance and Control Department, Ministry of Health, South Batinah, Rustaq, Oman Email: almayahi96@hotmail.com"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khairy","family":"Anis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disease Surveillance and Control Department, Ministry of Health, South Batinah, Rustaq, Oman Email: almayahi96@hotmail.com"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3277","reference":[{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0001","series-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev","first-page":"79\u2013105","article-title":"Myiasis","volume":"25","author":"Francesconi\n \nF","year":"2012"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0002","series-title":"Parasit Vectors","first-page":"346","article-title":"The global and regional prevalence of oestrosis in sheep and goats: a systematic review of articles and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Ahaduzzaman\n \nM","year":"2019"},{"key":"CIT0003","series-title":"Small Rumin Res","first-page":"91\u20138","article-title":"Oestrosis: parasitism by Oestrus ovis","volume":"181","author":"Gracia\n \nMJ","year":"2019"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0004","series-title":"Small Rumin Res","first-page":"83\u20137","article-title":"The prevalence of selected diseases and syndromes affecting Barki sheep with special emphasis on their economic impact","volume":"90","author":"El-Tahawy\n \nAS","year":"2010;"},{"key":"CIT0005","series-title":"An Bras Dermatol","first-page":"369\u201372","article-title":"Profile of pediatric patients with myiasis treated at a tertiary hospital in Rio de Janeiro","volume":"96","author":"Rodrigues\n \nFT","year":"2021"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"CIT0006","series-title":"Bol M\u00e9d Hosp Infant M\u00e9xico","first-page":"287\u201392","article-title":"Children hospitalized for myiasis in a reference center in Uruguay","volume":"78","author":"Notejane\n \nM","year":"2021"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"CIT0007","series-title":"Ghana Med J","first-page":"173\u20138","article-title":"Otorhinolaryngological myiasis: the problem and its presentations in the weak and forgotten","volume":"54","author":"Rana\n \nAK","year":"2020;"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"CIT0008","series-title":"Int J Paediatr Dent","first-page":"177\u20139","article-title":"Oral myiasis: report of two cases","volume":"5","author":"Al-Ismaily\n \nM","year":"1995"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0009","series-title":"Wilderness Environ Med","first-page":"32\u20135","article-title":"Ophthalmomyiasis in Oman: a case report and comments","volume":"9","author":"Victor\n \nR","year":"1998;"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"CIT0010","series-title":"Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J","first-page":"e546\u20139","article-title":"Eosinophilic Pneumonia in a patient with bronchial myiasis","volume":"15","author":"Aich\n \nA","year":"2015;"},{"issue":"(9):","key":"CIT0011","series-title":"Open Access Libr J","first-page":"1\u20135","article-title":"First case of nosocomial nasal myiasis caused by Chrysomya bezziana in Kuwait","volume":"9","author":"Sher\n \nA","year":"2022"},{"issue":"(9):","key":"CIT0012","series-title":"Saudi Med J","first-page":"940\u20133","article-title":"Wound myiasis by housefly in a patient with pemphigus vulgaris in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","volume":"44","author":"Alsaedi\n \nOK","year":"2023"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"CIT0013","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"386\u20139","article-title":"Myiasis in Kuwait: nosocomial infections caused by Lucilia sericata and Megaselia scalaris","volume":"70","author":"Hira\n \nPR","year":"2004"},{"key":"CIT0014","series-title":"Census of population, housing and establishments","author":"eCensus Portal","year":"(2023)"},{"key":"CIT0015","article-title":"The people of the Hajar Mountains suffer from the (Al-Disa)","author":"AlSablah AlOmania"},{"key":"CIT0016","article-title":"The sheep fly (disse) attacks citizens in the mountains?!!","author":"Sablat Oman"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0017","series-title":"Spec Care Dent","first-page":"20\u201331","article-title":"Oral myiasis: Analysis of cases reported in the English literature from 1990 to 2020","volume":"41","author":"Dos Passos\n \nJBS","year":"2021;"},{"issue":"(7):","key":"CIT0018","series-title":"Nursing","first-page":"65\u20136","article-title":"Treating parasitic human botfly","volume":"49","author":"Parsh\n \nS","year":"2019;"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"CIT0019","series-title":"J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"e32\u20136","article-title":"Oral myiasis affecting paediatric patients: a systematic review","volume":"123","author":"Jain\n \nA","year":"2022;"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"CIT0020","series-title":"Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol","first-page":"305\u20138","article-title":"Oestrus ovis as a Cause of Red Eye in Aljabal Algharbi, Libya","volume":"18","author":"Abdellatif\n \nMZM","year":"2011;"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0021","series-title":"J Parasitol","first-page":"32\u20138","article-title":"First report of human myiasis in Goi\u00e1s State, Brazil: frequency of different types of myiasis, their various etiological agents, and associated factors","volume":"95","author":"Fernandes\n \nLF","year":"2009;"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"CIT0022","series-title":"Parasite Paris Fr","first-page":"311\u20133","article-title":"Kinetics of oestrus ovis infection and activity of adult flies","volume":"13","author":"Grac\u00eda\n \nMJ","year":"2006;"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"CIT0023","series-title":"Braz J Otorhinolaryngol","first-page":"356\u201361","article-title":"Clinical etiology of myiasis in ENT: a reterograde period--interval study","volume":"75","author":"Arora\n \nS","year":"2009;"},{"issue":"(1\u20133):","key":"CIT0024","series-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol","first-page":"127\u201331","article-title":"Myiasis in children: the Indian perspective","volume":"25","author":"Singh\n \nI","year":"1993"},{"issue":"(5):","key":"CIT0025","series-title":"Ear Nose Throat J","first-page":"NP196\u20138","article-title":"A rare case of tracheostomal myiasis in a child","volume":"101","author":"Bettadahalli\n \nV","year":"2022"},{"key":"CIT0026","series-title":"Int J Infect Dis IJID","first-page":"398\u2013400","article-title":"Severe vaginal myiasis: successful management with Ivermectin","volume":"122","author":"Pay\u00e1n-G\u00f3mez\n \nC","year":"2022"},{"key":"CIT0027","series-title":"Int Med Case Rep J","first-page":"719\u201324","article-title":"Myiasis in a neglected elderly: urgent action needed in South America","volume":"15","author":"Espinosa\n \nH","year":"2022"},{"key":"CIT0028","series-title":"Sci Rep","first-page":"4947","article-title":"Modeling current and future global distribution of Chrysomya bezziana under changing climate","volume":"10","author":"Hosni\n \nEM","year":"2020"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"CIT0029","series-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol","first-page":"452\u201362","article-title":"Present and future: Infectious tropical travel rashes and the impact of climate change","volume":"130","author":"Dinulos\n \nJE","year":"2023"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0030","series-title":"Annu Rev Entomol","first-page":"159\u2013176","article-title":"Traumatic myiasis: a neglected disease in a changing world","volume":"61","author":"Hall\n \nMJR","year":"2016;"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0001","series-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev","first-page":"79\u2013105","article-title":"Myiasis","volume":"25","author":"Francesconi\n \nF","year":"2012"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0002","series-title":"Parasit Vectors","first-page":"346","article-title":"The global and regional prevalence of oestrosis in sheep and goats: a systematic review of articles and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Ahaduzzaman\n \nM","year":"2019"},{"key":"CIT0003","series-title":"Small Rumin Res","first-page":"91\u20138","article-title":"Oestrosis: parasitism by Oestrus ovis","volume":"181","author":"Gracia\n \nMJ","year":"2019"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0004","series-title":"Small Rumin Res","first-page":"83\u20137","article-title":"The prevalence of selected diseases and syndromes affecting Barki sheep with special emphasis on their economic impact","volume":"90","author":"El-Tahawy\n \nAS","year":"2010;"},{"key":"CIT0005","series-title":"An Bras Dermatol","first-page":"369\u201372","article-title":"Profile of pediatric patients with myiasis treated at a tertiary hospital in Rio de Janeiro","volume":"96","author":"Rodrigues\n \nFT","year":"2021"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"CIT0006","series-title":"Bol M\u00e9d Hosp Infant M\u00e9xico","first-page":"287\u201392","article-title":"Children hospitalized for myiasis in a reference center in Uruguay","volume":"78","author":"Notejane\n \nM","year":"2021"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"CIT0007","series-title":"Ghana Med J","first-page":"173\u20138","article-title":"Otorhinolaryngological myiasis: the problem and its presentations in the weak and forgotten","volume":"54","author":"Rana\n \nAK","year":"2020;"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"CIT0008","series-title":"Int J Paediatr Dent","first-page":"177\u20139","article-title":"Oral myiasis: report of two cases","volume":"5","author":"Al-Ismaily\n \nM","year":"1995"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0009","series-title":"Wilderness Environ Med","first-page":"32\u20135","article-title":"Ophthalmomyiasis in Oman: a case report and comments","volume":"9","author":"Victor\n \nR","year":"1998;"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"CIT0010","series-title":"Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J","first-page":"e546\u20139","article-title":"Eosinophilic Pneumonia in a patient with bronchial myiasis","volume":"15","author":"Aich\n \nA","year":"2015;"},{"issue":"(9):","key":"CIT0011","series-title":"Open Access Libr J","first-page":"1\u20135","article-title":"First case of nosocomial nasal myiasis caused by Chrysomya bezziana in Kuwait","volume":"9","author":"Sher\n \nA","year":"2022"},{"issue":"(9):","key":"CIT0012","series-title":"Saudi Med J","first-page":"940\u20133","article-title":"Wound myiasis by housefly in a patient with pemphigus vulgaris in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","volume":"44","author":"Alsaedi\n \nOK","year":"2023"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"CIT0013","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"386\u20139","article-title":"Myiasis in Kuwait: nosocomial infections caused by Lucilia sericata and Megaselia scalaris","volume":"70","author":"Hira\n \nPR","year":"2004"},{"key":"CIT0014","series-title":"Census of population, housing and establishments","author":"eCensus Portal","year":"(2023)"},{"key":"CIT0015","article-title":"The people of the Hajar Mountains suffer from the (Al-Disa)","author":"AlSablah AlOmania"},{"key":"CIT0016","article-title":"The sheep fly (disse) attacks citizens in the mountains?!!","author":"Sablat Oman"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0017","series-title":"Spec Care Dent","first-page":"20\u201331","article-title":"Oral myiasis: Analysis of cases reported in the English literature from 1990 to 2020","volume":"41","author":"Dos Passos\n \nJBS","year":"2021;"},{"issue":"(7):","key":"CIT0018","series-title":"Nursing","first-page":"65\u20136","article-title":"Treating parasitic human botfly","volume":"49","author":"Parsh\n \nS","year":"2019;"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"CIT0019","series-title":"J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"e32\u20136","article-title":"Oral myiasis affecting paediatric patients: a systematic review","volume":"123","author":"Jain\n \nA","year":"2022;"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"CIT0020","series-title":"Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol","first-page":"305\u20138","article-title":"Oestrus ovis as a Cause of Red Eye in Aljabal Algharbi, Libya","volume":"18","author":"Abdellatif\n \nMZM","year":"2011;"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0021","series-title":"J Parasitol","first-page":"32\u20138","article-title":"First report of human myiasis in Goi\u00e1s State, Brazil: frequency of different types of myiasis, their various etiological agents, and associated factors","volume":"95","author":"Fernandes\n \nLF","year":"2009;"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"CIT0022","series-title":"Parasite Paris Fr","first-page":"311\u20133","article-title":"Kinetics of oestrus ovis infection and activity of adult flies","volume":"13","author":"Grac\u00eda\n \nMJ","year":"2006;"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"CIT0023","series-title":"Braz J Otorhinolaryngol","first-page":"356\u201361","article-title":"Clinical etiology of myiasis in ENT: a reterograde period--interval study","volume":"75","author":"Arora\n \nS","year":"2009;"},{"issue":"(1\u20133):","key":"CIT0024","series-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol","first-page":"127\u201331","article-title":"Myiasis in children: the Indian perspective","volume":"25","author":"Singh\n \nI","year":"1993"},{"issue":"(5):","key":"CIT0025","series-title":"Ear Nose Throat J","first-page":"NP196\u20138","article-title":"A rare case of tracheostomal myiasis in a child","volume":"101","author":"Bettadahalli\n \nV","year":"2022"},{"key":"CIT0026","series-title":"Int J Infect Dis IJID","first-page":"398\u2013400","article-title":"Severe vaginal myiasis: successful management with Ivermectin","volume":"122","author":"Pay\u00e1n-G\u00f3mez\n \nC","year":"2022"},{"key":"CIT0027","series-title":"Int Med Case Rep J","first-page":"719\u201324","article-title":"Myiasis in a neglected elderly: urgent action needed in South America","volume":"15","author":"Espinosa\n \nH","year":"2022"},{"key":"CIT0028","series-title":"Sci Rep","first-page":"4947","article-title":"Modeling current and future global distribution of Chrysomya bezziana under changing climate","volume":"10","author":"Hosni\n \nEM","year":"2020"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"CIT0029","series-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol","first-page":"452\u201362","article-title":"Present and future: Infectious tropical travel rashes and the impact of climate change","volume":"130","author":"Dinulos\n \nJE","year":"2023"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0030","series-title":"Annu Rev 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