{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T10:36:35Z","timestamp":1782815795788,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The incidence of magnet ingestion in children has escalated concurrent with the rise in popularity of magnetic playthings, bearing the capacity to induce substantial morbidity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Aim: The objective of this study was to encapsulate our accumulated expertise in handling pediatric cases featuring multiple magnetic foreign bodies within the gastrointestinal tract sometimes necessitating surgical intervention, as well as to formulate a clinical management algorithm.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methods: This was a retrospective review of patients with multiple magnetic foreign bodies in the digestive tract, admitted to Shenzhen Children\u2019s Hospital, between January 2018 and December 2022.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results: A total of 100 cases were included in this study, including 66 males and 34 females. The main clinical manifestation ns were abdominal pain and vomiting. All patients had abdominal x-ray, all of which indicated foreign bodies in the digestive tract. 33 patients had to undergo a surgical intervention. Among these cases, the gastrointestinal complications occurred in 31 patients, including gastric rupture (n = 9), intestinal obstruction (n = 11) and intestinal perforation (n = 30). Postoperative intestinal obstruction occurred in 6 children. There was no statistical significant difference in age and gender between the Surgical group and Non-surgical group, but the Surgical group had a higher number of magnets ([7.5(2-44) vs 4(2-20)], p = 0.009), a longer interval between time of misingestion to clinical visit ([48(7.2-480) vs 5(2-336)]hours, p &lt; 0.001), and a longer length of hospital stay ([10(6-19) vs 2(1-8)]days, p &lt; 0.001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusions: Multiple magnet ingestion in children can lead to serious complications and carry severe risks. Timely diagnosis and effective treatment are crucial for managing such patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5339\/qmj.2024.4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]],"date-time":"2024-04-03T05:30:36Z","timestamp":1712122236000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Surgical treatment of multiple magnet ingestion by children: A single-center experience from China"],"prefix":"10.5339","volume":"2024","author":[{"given":"Chen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen Children\u2019s Hospital, China Medical University, Shenzhen 518038, China Email: ziminchen@126.com"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Wen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen Children\u2019s Hospital, China Medical University, Shenzhen 518038, China Email: ziminchen@126.com"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shao-Mei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen Children\u2019s Hospital, China Medical University, Shenzhen 518038, China Email: ziminchen@126.com"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ke-Hua","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen Children\u2019s Hospital, China Medical University, Shenzhen 518038, China Email: ziminchen@126.com"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zi-Min","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen Children\u2019s Hospital, China Medical University, Shenzhen 518038, China Email: ziminchen@126.com"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3277","reference":[{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0001","series-title":"J. Sci Rep.","first-page":"18680","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of magnetic foreign body misingestion in children","volume":"11","author":"Huang\n \nYK","year":"2021;"},{"key":"CIT0002","series-title":"J. Int J Surg Case Rep.","first-page":"50-53","article-title":"A case report of an asymptomatic male child with multiple entero-enteric fistulae post multiple magnet ingestion","volume":"58","author":"Taher\n \nH","year":"2019;"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"CIT0003","series-title":"J. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr.","first-page":"562-574","article-title":"Management of ingested foreign bodies in children: a clinical report of the NASPGHAN Endoscopy Committee","volume":"60","author":"Kramer\n \nRE","year":"2015;"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0004","series-title":"J. BMC Pediatr.","first-page":"95","article-title":"Multicenter investigation of pediatric gastrointestinal tract magnets ingestion in China","volume":"20","author":"Wang\n \nK","year":"2020;"},{"issue":"(12):","key":"CIT0005","series-title":"J. Arch Dis Child.","first-page":"1243-1244","article-title":"Piercing issue: a 10-year single-centre experience of magnet ingestion in children","volume":"106","author":"John\n \nM","year":"2021;"},{"issue":"(9):","key":"CIT0006","series-title":"J. J Pediatr Surg.","first-page":"1815-1819","article-title":"Magnet foreign body ingestion: rare occurrence but big consequences","volume":"53","author":"Sola R\n \nJr","year":"2018;"},{"issue":"(5):","key":"CIT0007","series-title":"J. Pediatr Neonatol.","first-page":"542-547","article-title":"Magnet ingestion by children: A retrospective study in a medical center in Taiwan","volume":"61","author":"Lai\n \nHH","year":"2020;"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"CIT0008","series-title":"J. Am J Lifestyle Med.","first-page":"259-263","article-title":"Rare-Earth Magnet Ingestion-Related Injuries in the Pediatric Population: A Review","volume":"11","author":"Hodges\n \nNL","year":"2015;"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0009","series-title":"J. BMC Pediatr.","first-page":"179","article-title":"Retrospective analysis of pediatric patients with multiple rare-earth magnets ingestion: a single-center experience from China","volume":"21","author":"Zheng\n \nY","year":"2021;"},{"issue":"(23):","key":"CIT0010","series-title":"J. World J Clin Cases","first-page":"5988-5998","article-title":"Surgical treatment of multiple magnet ingestion in children: A single-center study","volume":"8","author":"Cai\n \nDT","year":"2020;"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0011","series-title":"J. BMC Pediatr.","first-page":"448","article-title":"Management of multiple magnetic foreign body ingestion in pediatric patients","volume":"22","author":"Jin\n \nY","year":"2022"},{"issue":"(7):","key":"CIT0012","series-title":"J. Radiol Case Rep.","first-page":"2337-2341","article-title":"Accidental ingestion of magnetic foreign body in a pediatric patient: A potentially fatal attraction","volume":"17","author":"Zefov\n \nV","year":"2022;"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"CIT0013","series-title":"J. Case Rep Gastroenterol.","first-page":"720-727","article-title":"Multiple Magnetic Foreign Bodies Causing Severe Digestive Tract Injuries in a Child","volume":"10","author":"Si\n \nX","year":"2016;"},{"key":"CIT0014","series-title":"J. Case Rep Surg.","first-page":"4348787","article-title":"Double Magnet Ingestion Causing Intestinal Perforation with Peritonitis: Case Report and Review of the Literature","volume":"2022","author":"Abuzneid\n \nYS","year":"2022;"},{"key":"CIT0015","series-title":"J. Frontiers in Public Health","first-page":"892756","article-title":"Pediatric Multiple High-Powered Magnetic Buckyballs Ingestion\u2014Experience From Six Tertiary Medical Centers","volume":"10","author":"Ding\n \nG","year":"2022;"},{"key":"CIT0016","series-title":"J. Front Pediatr.","first-page":"727988","article-title":"Magnet Ingestion in Children Management Guidelines and Prevention","volume":"9","author":"Altokhais\n \nT","year":"2021;"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"CIT0017","series-title":"J. Arch Pediatr.","first-page":"131-132","article-title":"Let\u2019s stop lesions induced by magnet ingestion","volume":"26","author":"Mas\n \nE","year":"2019;"},{"issue":"(10):","key":"CIT0018","series-title":"J. J Pediatr Surg.","first-page":"2201-2205","article-title":"Ingestion of multiple magnets in children","volume":"55","author":"Han\n \nY","year":"2020;"},{"issue":"(5):","key":"CIT0019","series-title":"J. J Paediatr Child Health.","first-page":"873-879","article-title":"Decade of the dangers of multiple magnet ingestion in children: A retrospective review","volume":"58","author":"Chang\n \nA","year":"2022;"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0020","series-title":"J. Qatar Med J.","first-page":"9","article-title":"Clinical Presentation and Outcome of Multiple Rare Earth Magnet Ingestions in Children of Qatar. A Single-Center Experience","volume":"2023","author":"Khan\n \nA","year":"2023;"},{"issue":"(11):","key":"CIT0021","series-title":"J. Turk J Gastroenterol.","first-page":"819-824","article-title":"Clinical report and analysis of 24 cases of multiple magnetic beads foreign body in gastrointestinal tract of children","volume":"31","author":"Li\n \nXL","year":"2020;"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0022","series-title":"J. J Surg Res.","first-page":"137-140","article-title":"Surgical management and morbidity of pediatric magnet ingestions","volume":"199","author":"Waters\n \nAM","year":"2015;"},{"issue":"(11):","key":"CIT0023","series-title":"J. Dig Liver Dis.","first-page":"1266-1281","article-title":"Foreign body and caustic ingestions in children: A clinical practice guideline","volume":"52","author":"Oliva\n \nS","year":"2020;"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0024","series-title":"J. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol.","first-page":"80","article-title":"Paediatric multiple magnet ingestion","volume":"6","author":"van Waas\n \nM","year":"2021;"},{"issue":"(5):","key":"CIT0025","series-title":"J. Pediatr Surg Int.","first-page":"639-643","article-title":"Multiple magnetic foreign body ingestion in pediatric patients: a single-center retrospective review","volume":"37","author":"Huang\n \nX","year":"2021;"},{"issue":"(8):","key":"CIT0026","series-title":"J. 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J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr.","first-page":"562-574","article-title":"Management of ingested foreign bodies in children: a clinical report of the NASPGHAN Endoscopy Committee","volume":"60","author":"Kramer\n \nRE","year":"2015;"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0004","series-title":"J. BMC Pediatr.","first-page":"95","article-title":"Multicenter investigation of pediatric gastrointestinal tract magnets ingestion in China","volume":"20","author":"Wang\n \nK","year":"2020;"},{"issue":"(12):","key":"CIT0005","series-title":"J. Arch Dis Child.","first-page":"1243-1244","article-title":"Piercing issue: a 10-year single-centre experience of magnet ingestion in children","volume":"106","author":"John\n \nM","year":"2021;"},{"issue":"(9):","key":"CIT0006","series-title":"J. J Pediatr Surg.","first-page":"1815-1819","article-title":"Magnet foreign body ingestion: rare occurrence but big consequences","volume":"53","author":"Sola R\n \nJr","year":"2018;"},{"issue":"(5):","key":"CIT0007","series-title":"J. Pediatr Neonatol.","first-page":"542-547","article-title":"Magnet ingestion by children: A retrospective study in a medical center in Taiwan","volume":"61","author":"Lai\n \nHH","year":"2020;"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"CIT0008","series-title":"J. Am J Lifestyle Med.","first-page":"259-263","article-title":"Rare-Earth Magnet Ingestion-Related Injuries in the Pediatric Population: A Review","volume":"11","author":"Hodges\n \nNL","year":"2015;"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0009","series-title":"J. BMC Pediatr.","first-page":"179","article-title":"Retrospective analysis of pediatric patients with multiple rare-earth magnets ingestion: a single-center experience from China","volume":"21","author":"Zheng\n \nY","year":"2021;"},{"issue":"(23):","key":"CIT0010","series-title":"J. World J Clin Cases","first-page":"5988-5998","article-title":"Surgical treatment of multiple magnet ingestion in children: A single-center study","volume":"8","author":"Cai\n \nDT","year":"2020;"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0011","series-title":"J. BMC Pediatr.","first-page":"448","article-title":"Management of multiple magnetic foreign body ingestion in pediatric patients","volume":"22","author":"Jin\n \nY","year":"2022"},{"issue":"(7):","key":"CIT0012","series-title":"J. Radiol Case Rep.","first-page":"2337-2341","article-title":"Accidental ingestion of magnetic foreign body in a pediatric patient: A potentially fatal attraction","volume":"17","author":"Zefov\n \nV","year":"2022;"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"CIT0013","series-title":"J. Case Rep Gastroenterol.","first-page":"720-727","article-title":"Multiple Magnetic Foreign Bodies Causing Severe Digestive Tract Injuries in a Child","volume":"10","author":"Si\n \nX","year":"2016;"},{"key":"CIT0014","series-title":"J. Case Rep Surg.","first-page":"4348787","article-title":"Double Magnet Ingestion Causing Intestinal Perforation with Peritonitis: Case Report and Review of the Literature","volume":"2022","author":"Abuzneid\n \nYS","year":"2022;"},{"key":"CIT0015","series-title":"J. Frontiers in Public Health","first-page":"892756","article-title":"Pediatric Multiple High-Powered Magnetic Buckyballs Ingestion\u2014Experience From Six Tertiary Medical Centers","volume":"10","author":"Ding\n \nG","year":"2022;"},{"key":"CIT0016","series-title":"J. Front Pediatr.","first-page":"727988","article-title":"Magnet Ingestion in Children Management Guidelines and Prevention","volume":"9","author":"Altokhais\n \nT","year":"2021;"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"CIT0017","series-title":"J. Arch Pediatr.","first-page":"131-132","article-title":"Let\u2019s stop lesions induced by magnet ingestion","volume":"26","author":"Mas\n \nE","year":"2019;"},{"issue":"(10):","key":"CIT0018","series-title":"J. J Pediatr Surg.","first-page":"2201-2205","article-title":"Ingestion of multiple magnets in children","volume":"55","author":"Han\n \nY","year":"2020;"},{"issue":"(5):","key":"CIT0019","series-title":"J. J Paediatr Child Health.","first-page":"873-879","article-title":"Decade of the dangers of multiple magnet ingestion in children: A retrospective review","volume":"58","author":"Chang\n \nA","year":"2022;"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0020","series-title":"J. Qatar Med J.","first-page":"9","article-title":"Clinical Presentation and Outcome of Multiple Rare Earth Magnet Ingestions in Children of Qatar. A Single-Center Experience","volume":"2023","author":"Khan\n \nA","year":"2023;"},{"issue":"(11):","key":"CIT0021","series-title":"J. Turk J Gastroenterol.","first-page":"819-824","article-title":"Clinical report and analysis of 24 cases of multiple magnetic beads foreign body in gastrointestinal tract of children","volume":"31","author":"Li\n \nXL","year":"2020;"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0022","series-title":"J. J Surg Res.","first-page":"137-140","article-title":"Surgical management and morbidity of pediatric magnet ingestions","volume":"199","author":"Waters\n \nAM","year":"2015;"},{"issue":"(11):","key":"CIT0023","series-title":"J. Dig Liver Dis.","first-page":"1266-1281","article-title":"Foreign body and caustic ingestions in children: A clinical practice guideline","volume":"52","author":"Oliva\n \nS","year":"2020;"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0024","series-title":"J. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol.","first-page":"80","article-title":"Paediatric multiple magnet ingestion","volume":"6","author":"van Waas\n \nM","year":"2021;"},{"issue":"(5):","key":"CIT0025","series-title":"J. Pediatr Surg Int.","first-page":"639-643","article-title":"Multiple magnetic foreign body ingestion in pediatric patients: a single-center retrospective review","volume":"37","author":"Huang\n \nX","year":"2021;"},{"issue":"(8):","key":"CIT0026","series-title":"J. 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