{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T17:48:55Z","timestamp":1777312135223,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"abstract":"Background: Thyroid cancer (TC) is becoming more prevalent in Saudi Arabia, currently ranking among the top three cancers affecting women. Despite its rising prevalence, there has been limited assessment of the factors influencing the survival rate (SR) among the Saudi population over an extended period. Therefore, this study aims to address this critical gap in knowledge by identifying the factors affecting the SR of TC, comparing the SR with previous studies, and exploring potential areas for improving the SR of patients.<\/jats:p>\n Methods: A retrospective study analyzed secondary data from patients diagnosed with TC, as recorded in the King Abdulaziz Medical City Cancer Registry in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, over 10 years from 2009 to 2018.<\/jats:p>\n \n Results: Of the total 665 TC cases, the mean age at diagnosis was 46.2 years (\u00b1SD 16), and most patients were women (78.5%), with the majority being under 50 years old. The most common type of cancer was papillary thyroid carcinoma, comprising 88.6% of all TCs. Over half of the cases were localized to one of the lobes of the thyroid gland, with almost equal frequency between the two lobes. The 5-year SR of localized papillary thyroid carcinoma reached 96.5%, in contrast to the extremely low SR of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, where most patients died within a few months of the diagnosis. Factors such as morphology, tumor extension, male gender, and age at diagnosis significantly impacted patient survival, as analyzed by the Kaplan\u2013Meier test (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001). Compared to other types of cancer, those with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma had a lower SR.\n <\/jats:p>\n Conclusion: The SR of TC patients is predicted by factors such as their age, morphological type, and the presence of distant metastasis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5339\/qmj.2024.44","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,17]],"date-time":"2024-09-17T12:30:37Z","timestamp":1726576237000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Predictors of thyroid cancer survival in Saudi Arabia: A retrospective 10-year analysis"],"prefix":"10.5339","volume":"2024","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6308-3136","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Amen","family":"Bawazir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Almaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"College of Public Health and Health Informatics, King Saud bin Abdul-Aziz University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sadeem","family":"Alhalafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Specialty business at GSK, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7520-7036","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Omer","family":"Al-Aidaross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Al Maarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5465-7698","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Abdulrahman","family":"Jazieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cincinnati Cancer Advisors, Cincinnati, OH, United States"},{"name":"College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia*Correspondence: Wasif Ali Khan wkhan@um.edu.sa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6502-5749","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wasif Ali","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Almaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3277","reference":[{"key":"CIT0001","article-title":"Cancer Today: Age-Standardized Rate (World) per 100 000, Incidence, Both sexes, in 2022 for Thyroid Cancer Lyon\/France: International Agency for research on Cancer\/VVorld Health Organization;","year":"2024"},{"issue":"(11):","key":"CIT0002","first-page":"2716","article-title":"Patterns of thyroid cancer mortality and incidence in Saudi Arabia: A 30-year study Diagnostics","volume":"12","author":"Flemban\n \nAF","year":"2022;"},{"issue":"(10):","key":"CIT0003","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e0206148","article-title":"Breast cancer mortality in Saudi Arabia: Modelling observed and unobserved factors","volume":"13","author":"Alotaibi\n \nRM","year":"2018;"},{"issue":"(2):","key":"CIT0004","series-title":"Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Ther","first-page":"58-64","article-title":"Incidence of thyroid cancer in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 2000-2010","volume":"6","author":"Hussain\n \nF","year":"2013;"},{"key":"CIT0005","article-title":"Data visualization tools for exploring the global cancer burden in 2022","year":"2024"},{"key":"CIT0006","article-title":"Cancer Incidence Report In Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 2018","year":"2022"},{"key":"CIT0007","article-title":"Population-based Cancer Survival Statistics Overview","year":"2023"},{"key":"CIT0008","article-title":"Cancer in the UK 2019. cruk.org: Cancer Research UK;","year":"2020"},{"key":"CIT0009","series-title":"Population Estimates Used in NCI\u2019s SEER* Stat Software: National Cancer Institute;","article-title":"Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program","year":"2018"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0010","series-title":"CA Cancer J Clin","first-page":"7-30","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2020","volume":"70","author":"Siegel\n \nRL","year":"2020;"},{"key":"CIT0011","article-title":"Cancer registration statistics, England. 2017","year":"2017"},{"key":"CIT0012","article-title":"Cancer in Australia statistics Australian Australian Government;","year":"2022"},{"key":"CIT0013","article-title":"Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program. Population Estimates Used in NCI\u2019s SEER* Stat Software: National Cancer Institute Bethesda, MD;","year":"2018"},{"issue":"(5):","key":"CIT0014","series-title":"Endocrinol Metab","first-page":"703-l8","article-title":"Update from the 2022 world health organization classification of thyroid tumors: A standardized diagnostic approach","volume":"37","author":"Jung\n \nCK","year":"2022;"},{"key":"CIT0015","article-title":"CONCORD Programme","year":"2024"},{"key":"CIT0016","article-title":"Thyroid Cancer: Survivorship USA: American Society of Clinical Oncology;","year":"2023"},{"key":"CIT0017","article-title":"Early Detection, Diagnosis, and Staging: Thyroid Cancer Survival Rates, by Type and Stage: American Cancer Society;","year":"2022"},{"key":"CIT0018","article-title":"Survival for thyroid cancer","year":"2021"},{"key":"CIT0019","series-title":"Rev Saude Publica","first-page":"106","article-title":"Differentiated thyroid carcinoma: A 5-year survival study at a referral hospital in Brazil","volume":"53","author":"Borges\n \nAKdM","year":"2019;"},{"issue":"(5):","key":"CIT0020","series-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg","first-page":"440-4","article-title":"Thyroid cancer survival in the United States: Observational data from 1973 to 2005","volume":"136","author":"Davies\n \nL","year":"2010;"},{"issue":"(10):","key":"CIT0021","series-title":"Cancers","first-page":"2441","article-title":"Cancer survival in adults in Spain: A populationbased study of the Spanish network of cancer registries (REDECAN)","volume":"14","author":"Guevara\n \nM","year":"2022;"},{"issue":"(l):","key":"CIT0022","series-title":"Sci Rep","first-page":"l-9","article-title":"Population-based survival for cancer patients in Saudi Arabia for the years 2005-2009","volume":"12","author":"Aseafan\n \nM","year":"2022;"},{"issue":"(l):","key":"CIT0023","series-title":"BMC Cancer","first-page":"l-l0","article-title":"Age greater than 60 years portends a worse prognosis in patients with papillary 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\nA","year":"2007;"},{"key":"CIT0028","series-title":"Blood","first-page":"7276","article-title":"Cancer survivorship in gulf countries: An updated systematic review","volume":"142","author":"Hameed\n \nM","year":"2023;"},{"key":"CIT0029","series-title":"Int J Endocrinol 2014;","article-title":"Update on anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: Morphological, molecular, and genetic features of the most aggressive thyroid cancer","author":"Ragazzi\n \nM","year":"2014"},{"key":"CIT0001","article-title":"Cancer Today: Age-Standardized Rate (World) per 100 000, Incidence, Both sexes, in 2022 for Thyroid Cancer Lyon\/France: International Agency for research on Cancer\/VVorld Health Organization;","year":"2024"},{"issue":"(11):","key":"CIT0002","first-page":"2716","article-title":"Patterns of thyroid cancer mortality and incidence in Saudi Arabia: A 30-year study Diagnostics","volume":"12","author":"Flemban\n \nAF","year":"2022;"},{"issue":"(10):","key":"CIT0003","series-title":"PLoS 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