{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T17:48:33Z","timestamp":1777312113401,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The incidence of hepatic abnormalities has been notably higher following the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, attributed to the virus\u2019s entry into cells via angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) surface expression. The gastrointestinal tract\u2019s significant ACE2 expression, alongside a lesser degree in the biliary epithelium, has been implicated in gastrointestinal symptoms and liver injury.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine whether specific ultrasonographic findings in the liver correlate with acute increases in liver function tests (LFTs) among hospitalized patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on hospitalized COVID-19 patients at Hazem Mebaireek General Hospital in Qatar, from March 1, 2020, to June 30, 2020. The study focused on patients who experienced acute increases in LFTs, excluding those with chronic liver disease. Ultrasound imaging and patient records were reviewed to gather data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results: Out of 223 ultrasound studies of COVID-19 patients, 158 met the inclusion criteria. The majority were male, with a mean age of 47.76 \u00b1 13.76 years. Ultrasound results showed 43.7% normal liver parenchyma, while 56.3% exhibited nonspecific abnormalities such as diffuse liver hyperechogenicity (39.2%), enlargement with diffuse hyperechogenicity (12.7%), and other findings (4.4%). The biliary tree was predominantly normal (96.2%), with 3.8% showing abnormalities, including intrahepatic (2.5%) and extrahepatic (1.3%) dilatation. Gallbladder evaluations were normal in 60.1% of cases, with 39.9% showing abnormalities like stones (6.3%), stones with sludge (13.3%), polyps (6.3%), wall thickening (1.9%), and other conditions (12%). A significant correlation was found between abnormal liver parenchyma findings and elevated levels of bilirubin (total and direct) and alkaline phosphatase, with p-values &lt; 0.05. Only aspartate aminotransferase levels showed a significant correlation with biliary tree abnormalities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusion: The most common ultrasonographic finding associated with acute increases in LFTs among hospitalized COVID-19 patients was diffuse liver hyperechogenicity, with or without enlargement. These findings suggest a nonspecific yet significant association with liver function anomalies in the context of COVID-19.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5339\/qmj.2024.46","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,17]],"date-time":"2024-09-17T12:30:37Z","timestamp":1726576237000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Liver ultrasound evaluation of acutely increased liver function tests of COVID-19 hospitalized patients"],"prefix":"10.5339","volume":"2024","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3905-2372","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Salah","family":"Almughalles","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Imaging, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar*Correspondence: Salah almughalles salmughalles@hamad.qa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4144-1526","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shazaly N.","family":"Khojaly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Imaging, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar*Correspondence: Salah almughalles salmughalles@hamad.qa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4845-4119","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Abdulqadir J.","family":"Nashwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9747-8574","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Adham","family":"Darweesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Imaging, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar*Correspondence: Salah almughalles salmughalles@hamad.qa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3277","reference":[{"issue":"(9):","key":"CIT0001","series-title":"J Infect Public Health","first-page":"1386-91","article-title":"Inflammatory markers and COVID-19 disease progression","volume":"16","author":"Sidhwani\n \nSK","year":"2023;"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"CIT0002","series-title":"Qatar Med J","first-page":"29","article-title":"COVID-19-associated neurological sequelae: A case series on cerebral microbleeds and encephalopathy","volume":"2023","author":"Safan\n \nAS","year":"2023;"},{"issue":"(44):","key":"CIT0003","series-title":"World J Gastroenterol","first-page":"7625-48","article-title":"COVID-19: Effect on gastroenterology and hepatology service provision and training: Lessons learnt and planning for the future","volume":"27","author":"Anjum\n \nMR","year":"2021;"},{"key":"CIT0004","series-title":"Biomed Pharmacother","first-page":"112158","article-title":"A mini-review on the impact of COVID 19 on vital organs","volume":"143","author":"Shah\n \nMD","year":"2021;"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0005","series-title":"Arch Acad Emerg Med","first-page":"e17","article-title":"Liver and kidney injuries in COVID-19 and their effects on drug therapy; a letter to editor","volume":"8","author":"Rismanbaf\n \nA","year":"2020;"},{"issue":"(5):","key":"CIT0006","series-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol","first-page":"428-30","article-title":"Liver injury in COVID-19: Management and challenges","volume":"5","author":"Zhang\n \nC","year":"2020;"},{"issue":"(11):","key":"CIT0007","series-title":"Arch Surg","first-page":"1305-10","article-title":"Claude Couinaud: A passion for the liver","volume":"137","author":"Sutherland\n \nF","year":"2002;"},{"key":"CIT0008","series-title":"bioRxiv","article-title":"Specific ACE2 expression in cholangiocytes may cause liver damage after 2019-nCoV infection","author":"Chai\n 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