{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T07:35:15Z","timestamp":1781854515067,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Anal carcinoma is a relatively uncommon tumor that accounts for less than 2% of large bowel malignancies and approximately 1-6% of anorectal tumors. Most anal cancers originate in the mucosa between the anorectal junction and the anal verge. Risk factors for anal carcinoma include human papillomavirus (HPV), immunosuppression, older age, female gender, and smoking. Approximately 85% of anal cancers are squamous cell carcinoma, and the pathophysiology is believed to be linked to HPV-related inflammation, leading to dysplasia and progression to cancer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Case Presentation: We present the case of a 65-year-old woman who sought medical attention at the emergency department (ED) due to rectal pain and concurrent rectal lesions persisting for the past three months. Before admission, she reported abdominal discomfort and constipation for 2-3 months, during which she took laxatives for relief. Laboratory findings in the ED were significant for anemia and leukocytosis, with all other values within normal limits. Blood tests, including antibodies for HPV and human immunodeficiency virus, were negative. A computed tomography scan of the abdomen and pelvis was largely unremarkable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>On physical examination, perianal lesions with heaped-up edges were observed. A punch biopsy was subsequently performed, revealing squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). About three weeks following discharge, after one week of admission to the general medicine ward, the patient started chemoradiation therapy and reported some improvement in her symptoms. Seven weeks later, she was in remission.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Discussion: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the anus, a rare disease entity, is often a slow and progressive malignancy. The length of time for patients to become symptomatic, in combination with its mimicking clinical presentation to common gastrointestinal tract diseases and its rarity, makes diagnosis challenging. Additionally, a patient lacking traditional risk factors for anal cancer, such as HPV and smoking, may further complicate diagnosis, treatment, and quality of life.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusion: This case report emphasizes the pathogenesis and the similarities in clinical presentation of anal cancer to mild diseases, which may lead to a delay in diagnosis. Patients with anal carcinoma often delay seeking medical care, which is anecdotal in relation to the considerable overlap in symptoms of benign diseases such as hemorrhoids. Therefore, patients with \u201chemorrhoid\u201d complaints, rectal bleeding, or rectal mass should warrant further physical examination and prompt referral to a gastroenterologist or a colorectal surgeon for additional evaluation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5339\/qmj.2024.7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,10]],"date-time":"2024-02-10T05:30:34Z","timestamp":1707543034000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A case of a rare type of cancer: Anal squamous cell carcinoma in a patient without significant risk factors"],"prefix":"10.5339","volume":"2024","author":[{"given":"Kevan","family":"English","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, St. George\u2019s University School of Medicine, Saint George, Grenada Email: kenglish@sgu.edu ORCID iD: 0009-0006-8893-5696"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mercedes","family":"Erpelding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Ross University School of Medicine, Bridgetown, Barbados"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Kaldas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Ross University School of Medicine, Bridgetown, Barbados"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabrine","family":"Semoin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Jackson North Medical Center, Miami, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3277","reference":[{"issue":"(3):","key":"CIT0001","series-title":"Curr Oncol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3232-3250","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol30030246","article-title":"Anal Cancer: The Past, Present and Future","volume":"30","author":"Gondal TA","year":"2023"},{"key":"CIT0002","series-title":"Data source(s): SEER Incidence Data, November 2022 Submission (1975-2020), SEER 22 registries","article-title":"Surveillance Research Program, National Cancer Institute; 2023 Apr 19","author":"SEER*Explorer: An interactive website for SEER cancer statistics [Internet]"},{"issue":"(11):","key":"CIT0003","series-title":"Abdom Radiol (NY)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3726-3739","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-019-02020-4","article-title":"MR staging of anal cancer: what the radiologist needs to know","volume":"44","author":"Golia Pernicka JS","year":"2019"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"CIT0004","series-title":"Acta Cytol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281-287","DOI":"10.1159\/000502881","article-title":"Cytology in Anal Cancer Screening: Practical Review for Clinicians","volume":"64","author":"Albuquerque A","year":"2020;"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"CIT0005","series-title":"Surg Clin North Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629-634","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suc.2020.02.007","article-title":"Anal Cancer","volume":"100","author":"Young AN","year":"2020"},{"key":"CIT0006","series-title":"Ann Med Surg (Lond)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36-46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amsu.2020.04.016","article-title":"Squamous cell anal cancer: Management and therapeutic options","volume":"55:","author":"Pessia B","year":"2020"},{"issue":"(5):","key":"CIT0007","series-title":"GE Port J Gastroenterol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227-231","DOI":"10.1159\/000452869","article-title":"A Case Series of Anal Carcinoma Misdiagnosed as Idiopathic Chronic Anal Fissure","volume":"24","author":"Barbeiro S","year":"2017"},{"issue":"(5):","key":"CIT0008","series-title":"Curr Probl Cancer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486-492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.currproblcancer.2018.11.001","article-title":"Squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal","volume":"42","author":"Morton M","year":"2018"},{"key":"CIT0009","series-title":"J Oncol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6018269","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/6018269","article-title":"Human Papillomavirus and Anal Cancer: Prevalence, Genotype Distribution, and Prognosis Aspects from Midwestern Region of Brazil","volume":"2019:","author":"Silva Dalla Libera L","year":"2019"},{"issue":"(2):","key":"CIT0010","series-title":"Lancet Infect Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198-206","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30653-9","article-title":"Human papillomavirus types from infection to cancer in the anus, according to sex and HIV status: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Lin C","year":"2018"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0011","series-title":"Int J STD AIDS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4-13","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462420958577","article-title":"Incidence of anogenital warts: epidemiological risk factors and real-life impact of human papillomavirus vaccination","volume":"32","author":"Tyros G","year":"2021"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"CIT0012","series-title":"Acta Clin Croat","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745-750","DOI":"10.20471\/acc.2020.59.04.22","article-title":"TREATMENT OF VERRUCA VULGARIS IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE","volume":"59","author":"Mur\u0161i\u0107\n \nI","year":"2020"},{"issue":"(Suppl 2):","key":"CIT0013","series-title":"Gut","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A179-A180","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2022-IDDF.251","article-title":"IDDF2022-ABS-0273 Global incidence of anal cancer by histological subtypes","volume":"71","author":"Huang J","year":"2022;"},{"issue":"(2):","key":"CIT0014","series-title":"CA Cancer J Clin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139-62","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21259","article-title":"Anal cancer: current standards in care and recent changes in practice","volume":"65","author":"Shridhar R","year":"2015"},{"issue":"(2):","key":"CIT0015","series-title":"CA Cancer J Clin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93-99","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21388","article-title":"The Eighth Edition AJCC Cancer Staging Manual: Continuing to build a bridge from a population-based to a more \u201cpersonalized\u201d approach to cancer staging","volume":"67","author":"Amin MB","year":"2017"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"CIT0016","series-title":"Gastrointest Tumors","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134-137","DOI":"10.1159\/000514112","article-title":"Anal Cancer with Mediastinal Lymph Node Metastasis","volume":"8","author":"Shenoy MA","year":"2021"},{"issue":"(2):","key":"CIT0017","series-title":"Int J Health Sci (Qassim)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206-30","DOI":"10.12816\/0006000","article-title":"Anal cancer - a review","volume":"6","author":"Salati SA","year":"2012"},{"issue":"(11):","key":"CIT0018","series-title":"Can Fam Physician","first-page":"e509-16","article-title":"Reasons for delays in diagnosis of anal cancer and the effect on patient satisfaction","volume":"61","author":"Chiu S","year":"2015"},{"issue":"(2):","key":"CIT0019","series-title":"J Low Genit Tract Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192-196","DOI":"10.1097\/LGT.0000000000000508","article-title":"The Utility of Digital Anal Rectal Examinations in a Public Health Screening Program for Anal Cancer","volume":"24","author":"Nyitray AG","year":"2020"},{"issue":"(8):","key":"CIT0020","series-title":"Lancet Infect Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799-800","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(1or9)30296-8","article-title":"Anal cancer risk: HPV-based cervical screening programmes","volume":"19","author":"Wieland U","year":"2019"},{"issue":"(Suppl_2):","key":"CIT0021","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S179-S192","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac044","article-title":"Anal Cancer Screening and Prevention: Summary of Evidence Reviewed for the 2021 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Sexually Transmitted Infection Guidelines","volume":"74","author":"Barroso LF","year":"2022"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"CIT0001","series-title":"Curr Oncol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3232-3250","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol30030246","article-title":"Anal Cancer: The Past, Present and Future","volume":"30","author":"Gondal TA","year":"2023"},{"key":"CIT0002","series-title":"Data source(s): SEER Incidence Data, November 2022 Submission (1975-2020), SEER 22 registries","article-title":"Surveillance Research Program, National Cancer Institute; 2023 Apr 19","author":"SEER*Explorer: An interactive website for SEER cancer statistics [Internet]"},{"issue":"(11):","key":"CIT0003","series-title":"Abdom Radiol (NY)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3726-3739","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-019-02020-4","article-title":"MR staging of anal cancer: what the radiologist needs to know","volume":"44","author":"Golia Pernicka JS","year":"2019"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"CIT0004","series-title":"Acta Cytol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281-287","DOI":"10.1159\/000502881","article-title":"Cytology in Anal Cancer Screening: Practical Review for Clinicians","volume":"64","author":"Albuquerque A","year":"2020;"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"CIT0005","series-title":"Surg Clin North Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629-634","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suc.2020.02.007","article-title":"Anal Cancer","volume":"100","author":"Young AN","year":"2020"},{"key":"CIT0006","series-title":"Ann Med Surg (Lond)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36-46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amsu.2020.04.016","article-title":"Squamous cell anal cancer: Management and therapeutic options","volume":"55:","author":"Pessia B","year":"2020"},{"issue":"(5):","key":"CIT0007","series-title":"GE Port J Gastroenterol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227-231","DOI":"10.1159\/000452869","article-title":"A Case Series of Anal Carcinoma Misdiagnosed as Idiopathic Chronic Anal Fissure","volume":"24","author":"Barbeiro S","year":"2017"},{"issue":"(5):","key":"CIT0008","series-title":"Curr Probl Cancer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486-492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.currproblcancer.2018.11.001","article-title":"Squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal","volume":"42","author":"Morton M","year":"2018"},{"key":"CIT0009","series-title":"J Oncol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6018269","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/6018269","article-title":"Human Papillomavirus and Anal Cancer: Prevalence, Genotype Distribution, and Prognosis Aspects from Midwestern Region of Brazil","volume":"2019:","author":"Silva Dalla Libera L","year":"2019"},{"issue":"(2):","key":"CIT0010","series-title":"Lancet Infect Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198-206","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30653-9","article-title":"Human papillomavirus types from infection to cancer in the anus, according to sex and HIV status: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Lin C","year":"2018"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0011","series-title":"Int J STD AIDS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4-13","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462420958577","article-title":"Incidence of anogenital warts: epidemiological risk factors and real-life impact of human papillomavirus vaccination","volume":"32","author":"Tyros G","year":"2021"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"CIT0012","series-title":"Acta Clin Croat","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745-750","DOI":"10.20471\/acc.2020.59.04.22","article-title":"TREATMENT OF VERRUCA VULGARIS IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE","volume":"59","author":"Mur\u0161i\u0107\n \nI","year":"2020"},{"issue":"(Suppl 2):","key":"CIT0013","series-title":"Gut","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A179-A180","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2022-IDDF.251","article-title":"IDDF2022-ABS-0273 Global incidence of anal cancer by histological subtypes","volume":"71","author":"Huang J","year":"2022;"},{"issue":"(2):","key":"CIT0014","series-title":"CA Cancer J Clin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139-62","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21259","article-title":"Anal cancer: current standards in care and recent changes in practice","volume":"65","author":"Shridhar R","year":"2015"},{"issue":"(2):","key":"CIT0015","series-title":"CA Cancer J Clin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93-99","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21388","article-title":"The Eighth Edition AJCC Cancer Staging Manual: Continuing to build a bridge from a population-based to a more \u201cpersonalized\u201d approach to cancer staging","volume":"67","author":"Amin MB","year":"2017"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"CIT0016","series-title":"Gastrointest Tumors","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134-137","DOI":"10.1159\/000514112","article-title":"Anal Cancer with Mediastinal Lymph Node Metastasis","volume":"8","author":"Shenoy MA","year":"2021"},{"issue":"(2):","key":"CIT0017","series-title":"Int J Health Sci (Qassim)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206-30","DOI":"10.12816\/0006000","article-title":"Anal cancer - a review","volume":"6","author":"Salati SA","year":"2012"},{"issue":"(11):","key":"CIT0018","series-title":"Can Fam Physician","first-page":"e509-16","article-title":"Reasons for delays in diagnosis of anal cancer and the effect on patient satisfaction","volume":"61","author":"Chiu S","year":"2015"},{"issue":"(2):","key":"CIT0019","series-title":"J Low Genit Tract Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192-196","DOI":"10.1097\/LGT.0000000000000508","article-title":"The Utility of Digital Anal Rectal Examinations in a Public Health Screening Program for Anal Cancer","volume":"24","author":"Nyitray AG","year":"2020"},{"issue":"(8):","key":"CIT0020","series-title":"Lancet Infect Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799-800","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(1or9)30296-8","article-title":"Anal cancer risk: HPV-based cervical screening programmes","volume":"19","author":"Wieland U","year":"2019"},{"issue":"(Suppl_2):","key":"CIT0021","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S179-S192","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac044","article-title":"Anal Cancer Screening and Prevention: Summary of Evidence Reviewed for the 2021 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Sexually Transmitted Infection Guidelines","volume":"74","author":"Barroso LF","year":"2022"}],"container-title":["Qatar Medical Journal"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.qscience.com\/view\/journals\/qmj\/2024\/1\/article-7.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.qscience.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/qmj\/2024\/1\/article-7.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.qscience.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/qmj\/2024\/1\/article-7.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T17:11:34Z","timestamp":1777309894000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.qscience.com\/view\/journals\/qmj\/2024\/1\/article-7.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5339\/qmj.2024.7","relation":{},"ISSN":["2227-0426"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2227-0426","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}}}