{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T17:53:33Z","timestamp":1777312413406,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:bold>\n The relationship between acne vulgaris and lipid profiles has been the subject of limited research across diverse populations, yielding conflicting results. The aim of this study was to determine whether there are any significant differences in lipid profile and selected apolipoproteins between two groups: adolescents and young adults with acne vulgaris and an age- and sex-matched control group. Additionally, the study aimed to identify indicators associated with severe acne vulgaris.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n The cross-sectional study involved 100 adolescent and young adult patients (50 adolescents aged 11\u201318 years and 50 young adults aged 19\u201326 years) who were visitors to the Dermatology Unit of Azadi Teaching Hospital in Duhok City, Kurdistan Region of Iraq, diagnosed with acne vulgaris. These patients were compared with a control group of 90 healthy individuals who were matched for age, sex, and BMI (body mass index). Measurements included lipid profile, apolipoprotein A (Apo A), apolipoprotein B, and lipase. The Ethics Committee of the Directorate of Health of Duhok City Governate approved the study (reference number: 15092021-9-3). Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS software (version 26.0 for Windows), and the\n p<\/jats:italic>\n value \u2264\u00a00.05 was considered statistically significant.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Results:<\/jats:bold>\n The results showed an increase in total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), non-HDL-C, and Apo A in the acne vulgaris group compared with the control group (157.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a036, 125.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a050.5, 40.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a010.9, 114.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a041, and 189.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a026 versus 129\u00a0\u00b1\u00a022.5, 98.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a049.9, 33.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a08.1, 95.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a032.1 and 179.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a022.4, respectively), all with\n p<\/jats:italic>\n values of \u2264\u00a00.05. The regression model showed that an increase in one unit of cholesterol resulted in a 4% increase in the odds of acne vulgaris (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.001). The severity of acne vulgaris was associated with age (mild (17.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.7), moderate (18.09\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.8), severe (20\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.7),\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.05) and with a decrease in Apo A levels compared with the mild group (179.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a025.5 and 200\u00a0\u00b1\u00a025.9, respectively,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.05). There was a significant increase in non-HDL-C levels in young adult patients compared with adolescent patients (125.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a040.3 versus 103.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a039.9,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.01).\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n High cholesterol is a feature of adolescent and young adult patients with acne vulgaris. Older patients tend to have more severe forms of acne, which are significantly associated with elevated non-HDL-C levels. Decreased Apo A levels have also been identified as an additional indicator of severe cases of acne vulgaris.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5339\/qmj.2025.10","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,21]],"date-time":"2025-04-21T03:30:26Z","timestamp":1745206226000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Assessment of lipid profile and its association with acne vulgaris severity in adolescents and young adults: A cross-sectional study in Kurdistan Region, Iraq"],"prefix":"10.5339","volume":"2025","author":[{"given":"Azzam Abdulsattar","family":"Mosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7935-9734","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mohammad Ahmad","family":"Hamza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of science, University of Zakho, Kurdistan Region, Iraq*Correspondence: Mohammad Ahmad Hamza. Email: mohammad.hamza@uoz.edu.krd"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9004-0780","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mohammad Yaseen","family":"Khalaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3277","reference":[{"issue":"(4):","key":"CIT0001","series-title":"Br J Dermatol","first-page":"673-683","article-title":"Magnitude and temporal trend of acne vulgaris burden in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019: an analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"186","author":"Chen\n \nH\n,","year":"2022"},{"issue":"8:","key":"CIT0002","series-title":"Front Public Health","first-page":"450","article-title":"A review of advancement on influencing factors of acne: an emphasis on environment characteristics","author":"Yang\n \nJ\n,","year":"2020"},{"issue":"(5):","key":"CIT0003","series-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol","first-page":"681\u2013694","article-title":"Targeting inflammation in acne: current treatments and future prospects","volume":"24","author":"Cruz\n \nS\n,","year":"2023"},{"issue":"(19):","key":"CIT0004","series-title":"Int J Mol Sci","first-page":"14700","article-title":"High-carbohydrate diet consumption poses a more severe liver cholesterol deposition than a high-fat and high-calorie diet in mice","volume":"24","author":"Zhang\n \nL\n,","year":"2023"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0005","series-title":"BMC Med","first-page":"34","article-title":"Associations between types and sources of dietary carbohydrates and cardiovascular disease risk: a prospective cohort study of UK Biobank participants","volume":"21","author":"Kelly\n \nRK\n,","year":"2023"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0006","series-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol","first-page":"55\u201365","article-title":"Effects of diet on acne and its response to treatment","volume":"22","author":"Baldwin\n \nH\n,","year":"2021"},{"issue":"(2):","key":"CIT0007","series-title":"Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex","first-page":"83\u201390","article-title":"Acne and diet: a review of pathogenic mechanisms","volume":"79","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Mondrag\u00f3n\n \nEA\n,","year":"2022;"},{"issue":"13:","key":"CIT0008","series-title":"Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol","first-page":"67\u201371","article-title":"Correlation between lipid profile and acne vulgaris","author":"Sobhan\n \nM\n,","year":"2020"},{"issue":"(8):","key":"CIT0009","series-title":"Skin Res Technol","first-page":"e13424","article-title":"Role of macrophage scavenger receptor 1 in the progression of dyslipidemia in acne vulgaris patients","volume":"29","author":"AbdElneam\n \nAI\n,","year":"2023"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"CIT0010","series-title":"J Dermatol","first-page":"296\u2013299","article-title":"Acne patients frequently associated with abnormal plasma lipid profile","volume":"42","author":"Jiang\n \nH\n,","year":"2015"},{"issue":"(11):","key":"CIT0011","series-title":"J Xi'an Shiyou Univ, Nat Sci Ed","first-page":"934\u2013939","article-title":"Lipid profile among acne patients attending Al-Fayhaa Teaching Hospital in Basrah. Iraq","volume":"18","author":"Hasrat\n \nNH\n,","year":"2022"},{"issue":"(2):","key":"CIT0012","series-title":"Mol Cell Biomed Sci","first-page":"70","article-title":"No association between lipid profiles and acne vulgaris","volume":"2","author":"Nasution\n \nK\n,","year":"Sep"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0013","series-title":"J Immigr Minor Health","first-page":"67\u201373","article-title":"Ethnic variation in lipid profile and its associations with body composition and diet: differences between Iranians, Indians and Caucasians living in Australia","volume":"19","author":"Meshkini\n \nM\n,","year":"2017"},{"key":"CIT0014","series-title":"Cham: Springer","article-title":"Acne and lipid pathways. In: Pappas A (ed.). Lipids and Skin Health","author":"Zouboulis\n \nC\n,","year":"2015"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"CIT0015","series-title":"Dermatologica","first-page":"243\u2013246","article-title":"Lipoprotein metabolism and lipoprotein lipase in severe cystic acne","volume":"171","author":"Pigatto\n \nP\n,","year":"1985;"},{"issue":"11:","key":"CIT0016","series-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)","first-page":"1385948","article-title":"Repurposing lipid-lowering drugs as potential treatment for acne vulgaris: a Mendelian randomization study","author":"Fang\n \nM\n,","year":"2024"},{"issue":"(6):","key":"CIT0017","series-title":"Int J Dermatol","first-page":"416\u2013418","article-title":"A comparison of current acne grading systems and proposal of a novel system","volume":"36","author":"Doshi\n \nA\n,","year":"1997"},{"issue":"(Suppl 1):","key":"CIT0018","series-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol","first-page":"18\u201324","article-title":"The skin microbiome: A new actor in inflammatory acne","author":"Dr\u00e9no\n \nB\n,","year":"2020"},{"issue":"(5):","key":"CIT0019","series-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol","first-page":"527\u2013532","article-title":"Acne is an inflammatory disease and alterations of sebum composition initiate acne lesions","volume":"28","author":"Zouboulis\n \nCC\n,","year":"2014"},{"issue":"(10):","key":"CIT0020","series-title":"Exp Dermatol","first-page":"821\u2013832","article-title":"New developments in our understanding of acne pathogenesis and treatment","volume":"18","author":"Kurokawa\n \nI\n,","year":"2009"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"CIT0021","series-title":"Int J Contemp Med Res","first-page":"1096\u20131099","article-title":"The relationship between blood lipid profile and acne in nonobese, non-PCOS patients","volume":"3","author":"Manzoor\n \nS\n,","year":"2016"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"CIT0022","series-title":"Indian J Clin Biochem","first-page":"253\u2013259","article-title":"Apolipoprotein A-I. A molecule of diverse function","volume":"31","author":"Mangaraj\n \nM\n,","year":"2015"},{"issue":"16:","key":"CIT0023","series-title":"Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol","first-page":"2391\u20132398","article-title":"Lipid metabolism reprogramming of immune cells in acne: an update","author":"Wu\n \nS\n,","year":"2023"},{"issue":"(8):","key":"CIT0024","series-title":"Foods","first-page":"1854","article-title":"Dietary regulation of oxidative stress in chronic metabolic diseases","volume":"10","author":"Jiang\n \nS\n,","year":"2021"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"CIT0025","series-title":"Arch Dermatol Res","first-page":"105","article-title":"Circulating biomarkers of oxidative stress in people with acne vulgaris: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"316","author":"Su\n \nL\n,","year":"2024"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"CIT0001","series-title":"Br J Dermatol","first-page":"673-683","article-title":"Magnitude and temporal trend of acne vulgaris burden in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019: an analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"186","author":"Chen\n \nH\n,","year":"2022"},{"issue":"8:","key":"CIT0002","series-title":"Front Public Health","first-page":"450","article-title":"A review of advancement on influencing factors of acne: an emphasis on environment characteristics","author":"Yang\n \nJ\n,","year":"2020"},{"issue":"(5):","key":"CIT0003","series-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol","first-page":"681\u2013694","article-title":"Targeting inflammation in acne: current treatments and future prospects","volume":"24","author":"Cruz\n \nS\n,","year":"2023"},{"issue":"(19):","key":"CIT0004","series-title":"Int J Mol Sci","first-page":"14700","article-title":"High-carbohydrate diet consumption poses a more severe liver cholesterol deposition than a high-fat and high-calorie diet in mice","volume":"24","author":"Zhang\n \nL\n,","year":"2023"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0005","series-title":"BMC Med","first-page":"34","article-title":"Associations between types and sources of dietary carbohydrates and cardiovascular disease risk: a prospective cohort study of UK Biobank participants","volume":"21","author":"Kelly\n \nRK\n,","year":"2023"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0006","series-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol","first-page":"55\u201365","article-title":"Effects of diet on acne and its response to treatment","volume":"22","author":"Baldwin\n \nH\n,","year":"2021"},{"issue":"(2):","key":"CIT0007","series-title":"Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex","first-page":"83\u201390","article-title":"Acne and diet: a review of pathogenic mechanisms","volume":"79","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Mondrag\u00f3n\n \nEA\n,","year":"2022;"},{"issue":"13:","key":"CIT0008","series-title":"Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol","first-page":"67\u201371","article-title":"Correlation between lipid profile and acne vulgaris","author":"Sobhan\n \nM\n,","year":"2020"},{"issue":"(8):","key":"CIT0009","series-title":"Skin Res Technol","first-page":"e13424","article-title":"Role of macrophage scavenger receptor 1 in the progression of dyslipidemia in acne vulgaris patients","volume":"29","author":"AbdElneam\n \nAI\n,","year":"2023"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"CIT0010","series-title":"J Dermatol","first-page":"296\u2013299","article-title":"Acne patients frequently associated with abnormal plasma lipid profile","volume":"42","author":"Jiang\n \nH\n,","year":"2015"},{"issue":"(11):","key":"CIT0011","series-title":"J Xi'an Shiyou Univ, Nat Sci Ed","first-page":"934\u2013939","article-title":"Lipid profile among acne patients attending Al-Fayhaa Teaching Hospital in Basrah. Iraq","volume":"18","author":"Hasrat\n \nNH\n,","year":"2022"},{"issue":"(2):","key":"CIT0012","series-title":"Mol Cell Biomed Sci","first-page":"70","article-title":"No association between lipid profiles and acne vulgaris","volume":"2","author":"Nasution\n \nK\n,","year":"Sep"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0013","series-title":"J Immigr Minor Health","first-page":"67\u201373","article-title":"Ethnic variation in lipid profile and its associations with body composition and diet: differences between Iranians, Indians and Caucasians living in Australia","volume":"19","author":"Meshkini\n \nM\n,","year":"2017"},{"key":"CIT0014","series-title":"Cham: Springer","article-title":"Acne and lipid pathways. In: Pappas A (ed.). Lipids and Skin Health","author":"Zouboulis\n \nC\n,","year":"2015"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"CIT0015","series-title":"Dermatologica","first-page":"243\u2013246","article-title":"Lipoprotein metabolism and lipoprotein lipase in severe cystic acne","volume":"171","author":"Pigatto\n \nP\n,","year":"1985;"},{"issue":"11:","key":"CIT0016","series-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)","first-page":"1385948","article-title":"Repurposing lipid-lowering drugs as potential treatment for acne vulgaris: a Mendelian randomization study","author":"Fang\n \nM\n,","year":"2024"},{"issue":"(6):","key":"CIT0017","series-title":"Int J Dermatol","first-page":"416\u2013418","article-title":"A comparison of current acne grading systems and proposal of a novel system","volume":"36","author":"Doshi\n \nA\n,","year":"1997"},{"issue":"(Suppl 1):","key":"CIT0018","series-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol","first-page":"18\u201324","article-title":"The skin microbiome: A new actor in inflammatory acne","author":"Dr\u00e9no\n \nB\n,","year":"2020"},{"issue":"(5):","key":"CIT0019","series-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol","first-page":"527\u2013532","article-title":"Acne is an inflammatory disease and alterations of sebum composition initiate acne lesions","volume":"28","author":"Zouboulis\n \nCC\n,","year":"2014"},{"issue":"(10):","key":"CIT0020","series-title":"Exp Dermatol","first-page":"821\u2013832","article-title":"New developments in our understanding of acne pathogenesis and treatment","volume":"18","author":"Kurokawa\n \nI\n,","year":"2009"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"CIT0021","series-title":"Int J Contemp Med Res","first-page":"1096\u20131099","article-title":"The relationship between blood lipid profile and acne in nonobese, non-PCOS patients","volume":"3","author":"Manzoor\n \nS\n,","year":"2016"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"CIT0022","series-title":"Indian J Clin Biochem","first-page":"253\u2013259","article-title":"Apolipoprotein A-I. A molecule of diverse function","volume":"31","author":"Mangaraj\n \nM\n,","year":"2015"},{"issue":"16:","key":"CIT0023","series-title":"Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol","first-page":"2391\u20132398","article-title":"Lipid metabolism reprogramming of immune cells in acne: an update","author":"Wu\n \nS\n,","year":"2023"},{"issue":"(8):","key":"CIT0024","series-title":"Foods","first-page":"1854","article-title":"Dietary regulation of oxidative stress in chronic metabolic diseases","volume":"10","author":"Jiang\n \nS\n,","year":"2021"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"CIT0025","series-title":"Arch Dermatol Res","first-page":"105","article-title":"Circulating biomarkers of oxidative stress in people with acne vulgaris: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"316","author":"Su\n \nL\n,","year":"2024"}],"container-title":["Qatar Medical Journal"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.qscience.com\/view\/journals\/qmj\/2025\/1\/article-10.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.qscience.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/qmj\/2025\/1\/article-10.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.qscience.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/qmj\/2025\/1\/article-10.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T17:16:52Z","timestamp":1777310212000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.qscience.com\/view\/journals\/qmj\/2025\/1\/article-10.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5339\/qmj.2025.10","relation":{},"ISSN":["2227-0426"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2227-0426","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}}}