{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T17:53:38Z","timestamp":1777312418955,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:bold>\n Ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) placement treats hydrocephalus by draining excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Despite advances, infections remain a common complication, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Infection rates range from 7.2 to 18%, with common pathogens being\n Staphylococcus epidermidis<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n . Risk factors include young age, postoperative CSF leakage, prolonged surgery, and previous infections. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of CSF shunt infections at King Abdullah University Hospital (KAUH), assess infection rates in pediatric and adult patients, and report causative microorganisms.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n A retrospective analysis was conducted on all patients with CSF shunt-related infections in our hospital (KAUH) over the last 17 years (2005\u20132023). The patients\u2019 demographics, laboratory results, and details of causative microorganisms were collected.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Results:<\/jats:bold>\n Of the 579 patients who underwent CSF shunting at KAUH in Jordan, 59 (10.1%) had a positive CSF culture for shunt infection. The majority of the patients were children (83.1%) with a median age of 9 months and a higher proportion of male patients (57.6%). Most of the infections were due to congenital anomalies (74.6%). The median time to infection was 13 days, with 13.5% experiencing recurrent infections. Recurrent infection rates were found to be significantly higher in pediatric patients (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.00007). The most common pathogens were\n Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n (47.5%) and\n Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic>\n species (40.7%). Analysis by age group showed a significant association between age and\n Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n infections (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.008).\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n The study provided demographic and microbiological data on VPS infections, with\n Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n being the most common causative organism. Treatment of these infections remains challenging, highlighting the need for more comparative research on different treatment options.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5339\/qmj.2025.11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,21]],"date-time":"2025-04-21T03:30:26Z","timestamp":1745206226000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Investigating the types of microorganisms causing cerebrospinal fluid shunt infection in King Abdullah University Hospital in Jordan"],"prefix":"10.5339","volume":"2025","author":[{"given":"Sulieman","family":"Daoud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery Department, Irbid, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atef","family":"Hulliel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science & Technology, Irbid, Jordan*Correspondence: Sulieman Daoud. Email: ssdaoud@just.edu.jo"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sultan","family":"Jarrar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery Department, Irbid, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amer","family":"Jaradat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery Department, Irbid, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Jamous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery Department, Irbid, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Majd M.","family":"Al Barakat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery Department, Irbid, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aseel","family":"Rabadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science & Technology, Irbid, Jordan*Correspondence: Sulieman Daoud. Email: ssdaoud@just.edu.jo"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nataly","family":"Al-zu'bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science & Technology, Irbid, Jordan*Correspondence: Sulieman Daoud. Email: ssdaoud@just.edu.jo"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3277","reference":[{"issue":"13:","key":"CIT0001","series-title":"Interdiscip Neurosurg","first-page":"66\u201370","article-title":"Ventriculoperitoneal shunt complications: a review","author":"Paff\n \nM\n,","year":"2018;"},{"issue":"(6):","key":"CIT0002","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1072\u20131078","article-title":"Factors causing acute shunt infection. Computer analysis of 1174 operations","volume":"61","author":"Renier\n \nD\n,","year":"1984"},{"issue":"(5):","key":"CIT0003","series-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg","first-page":"233\u2013241; discussion 242","article-title":"A search for determinants of cerebrospinal fluid shunt survival: retrospective analysis of a 14-year institutional experience","volume":"19","author":"Piatt\n \nJH, Jr.,","year":"1993"},{"issue":"(2):","key":"CIT0004","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"195\u2013201","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid shunt infection: a prospective study of risk factors","volume":"94","author":"Kulkarni\n \nAV\n,","year":"2001"},{"issue":"(11\u201312):","key":"CIT0005","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","first-page":"584\u2013587","article-title":"Reducing the incidence of infection in pediatric cerebrospinal fluid shunt operations","volume":"13","author":"Rotim\n \nK\n,","year":"1997"},{"issue":"10:","key":"CIT0006","series-title":"Front Surg","first-page":"1304105","article-title":"The incidence of VP shunt infection in a middle-income nation: a retrospective analysis of a pediatric population","author":"Campbell\n \nD\n,","year":"2023"},{"issue":"23:","key":"CIT0007","series-title":"World Neurosurg X","first-page":"100332","article-title":"Ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection rate and other associated complications of VP shunt insertion in Abuja, Nigeria","author":"Ayogu\n \nOM\n,","year":"2024"},{"issue":"(6):","key":"CIT0008","series-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg","first-page":"285\u2013290","article-title":"Reflections on shunt infection","volume":"39","author":"Kanev\n \nPM\n,","year":"2003"},{"issue":"(7):","key":"CIT0009","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"858\u2013862","article-title":"Risk factors for pediatric ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection and predictors of infectious pathogens","volume":"36","author":"McGirt\n \nMJ\n,","year":"2003"},{"issue":"6:","key":"CIT0010","series-title":"BMC Infect Dis","first-page":"43","article-title":"A retrospective study of central nervous system shunt infections diagnosed in a university hospital during a 4-year period","author":"Sacar\n \nS\n,","year":"2006"},{"issue":"(5):","key":"CIT0011","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"504\u2013512","article-title":"Ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection rates using a standard surgical technique, including topical and intraventricular vancomycin: the Children's Hospital Oakland experience","volume":"26","author":"Raygor\n \nKP\n,","year":"2020"},{"issue":"(12):","key":"CIT0012","series-title":"J Korean Med Sci","first-page":"1563\u20131568","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors of ventriculoperitoneal shunt infections in children: a study of 333 consecutive shunts in 6 years","volume":"27","author":"Lee\n \nJK\n,","year":"2012"},{"issue":"(2):","key":"CIT0013","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"156\u2013165","article-title":"Infection rates following initial cerebrospinal fluid shunt placement across pediatric hospitals in the United States. 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Computer analysis of 1174 operations","volume":"61","author":"Renier\n \nD\n,","year":"1984"},{"issue":"(5):","key":"CIT0003","series-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg","first-page":"233\u2013241; discussion 242","article-title":"A search for determinants of cerebrospinal fluid shunt survival: retrospective analysis of a 14-year institutional experience","volume":"19","author":"Piatt\n \nJH, Jr.,","year":"1993"},{"issue":"(2):","key":"CIT0004","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"195\u2013201","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid shunt infection: a prospective study of risk factors","volume":"94","author":"Kulkarni\n \nAV\n,","year":"2001"},{"issue":"(11\u201312):","key":"CIT0005","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","first-page":"584\u2013587","article-title":"Reducing the incidence of infection in pediatric cerebrospinal fluid shunt operations","volume":"13","author":"Rotim\n \nK\n,","year":"1997"},{"issue":"10:","key":"CIT0006","series-title":"Front Surg","first-page":"1304105","article-title":"The incidence of VP shunt infection in a middle-income nation: a retrospective analysis of a pediatric population","author":"Campbell\n \nD\n,","year":"2023"},{"issue":"23:","key":"CIT0007","series-title":"World Neurosurg X","first-page":"100332","article-title":"Ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection rate and other associated complications of VP shunt insertion in Abuja, Nigeria","author":"Ayogu\n \nOM\n,","year":"2024"},{"issue":"(6):","key":"CIT0008","series-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg","first-page":"285\u2013290","article-title":"Reflections on shunt infection","volume":"39","author":"Kanev\n \nPM\n,","year":"2003"},{"issue":"(7):","key":"CIT0009","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"858\u2013862","article-title":"Risk factors for pediatric ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection and predictors of infectious pathogens","volume":"36","author":"McGirt\n \nMJ\n,","year":"2003"},{"issue":"6:","key":"CIT0010","series-title":"BMC Infect Dis","first-page":"43","article-title":"A retrospective study of central nervous system shunt infections diagnosed in a university hospital during a 4-year period","author":"Sacar\n \nS\n,","year":"2006"},{"issue":"(5):","key":"CIT0011","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"504\u2013512","article-title":"Ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection rates using a standard surgical technique, including topical and intraventricular vancomycin: the Children's Hospital Oakland experience","volume":"26","author":"Raygor\n \nKP\n,","year":"2020"},{"issue":"(12):","key":"CIT0012","series-title":"J Korean Med Sci","first-page":"1563\u20131568","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors of ventriculoperitoneal shunt infections in children: a study of 333 consecutive shunts in 6 years","volume":"27","author":"Lee\n \nJK\n,","year":"2012"},{"issue":"(2):","key":"CIT0013","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"156\u2013165","article-title":"Infection rates following initial cerebrospinal fluid shunt placement across pediatric hospitals in the United States. Clinical article","volume":"4","author":"Simon\n \nTD\n,","year":"2009"},{"issue":"(5):","key":"CIT0014","series-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg","first-page":"248\u2013255","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid shunt survival and etiology of failures: a seven-year institutional experience","volume":"36","author":"McGirt\n \nMJ\n,","year":"2002"},{"issue":"(7):","key":"CIT0015","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","first-page":"692\u2013697","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid shunt infection: risk factors and long-term follow-up","volume":"22","author":"Vinchon\n \nM\n,","year":"2006"},{"issue":"(1\u20132):","key":"CIT0016","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"1\u20137","article-title":"Risk of infection after cerebrospinal fluid shunt: an analysis of 884 first-time shunts","volume":"136","author":"Borgbjerg\n \nBM\n,","year":"1995;"},{"issue":"(5):","key":"CIT0017","series-title":"J Infect Dis","first-page":"543\u2013552","article-title":"Infections of cerebrospinal fluid shunts: epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and therapy","volume":"131","author":"Schoenbaum\n \nSC\n,","year":"1975"},{"issue":"(5):","key":"CIT0018","series-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg","first-page":"325\u2013336","article-title":"Epidemiology, prevention and management of ventriculoperitoneal shunt infections in children","volume":"45","author":"Prusseit\n \nJ\n,","year":"2009;"},{"issue":"(1\u20132):","key":"CIT0019","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"155\u2013163","article-title":"Ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery and the risk of shunt infection in patients with hydrocephalus: long-term single institution experience","volume":"78","author":"Reddy\n \nGK\n,","year":"2012"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"CIT0020","series-title":"Scott Med J","first-page":"198\u2013203","article-title":"Audit of ventriculoperitoneal shunt infections in paediatric patients, 2006\u20132013","volume":"59","author":"Mullan\n \nE\n,","year":"2014"},{"issue":"(2):","key":"CIT0021","series-title":"Jpn J Infect Dis","first-page":"44\u201348","article-title":"Infection of cerebrospinal fluid shunts: causative pathogens, clinical features, and outcomes","volume":"57","author":"Wang\n \nKW\n,","year":"2004"},{"issue":"(9):","key":"CIT0022","series-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)","first-page":"1054","article-title":"Colistin and carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Aci46 in Thailand: genome analysis and antibiotic resistance profiling","volume":"10","author":"Thadtapong\n \nN\n,","year":"2021"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"CIT0023","series-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)","first-page":"516","article-title":"Colistin resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii: molecular mechanisms and epidemiology","volume":"12","author":"Novovi\u0107\n \nK\n,","year":"2023"},{"issue":"(11):","key":"CIT0024","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e0287211","article-title":"Prevalence of biofilm producing Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Gedefie\n \nA\n,","year":"2023"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"CIT0025","series-title":"J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg","first-page":"155\u2013157","article-title":"Pediatric ventriculoperitoneal shunts and their complications: an analysis","volume":"22","author":"Agarwal\n \nN\n,","year":"2017"},{"issue":"(12):","key":"CIT0026","series-title":"Pediatr Int","first-page":"1056\u20131061","article-title":"Risk factors and epidemiology of pediatric ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection","volume":"60","author":"Erps\n \nA\n,","year":"2018"},{"issue":"(9):","key":"CIT0027","series-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J","first-page":"731\u2013735","article-title":"Treatment and microbiology of repeated cerebrospinal fluid shunt infections in children","volume":"30","author":"Tuan\n \nTJ\n,","year":"2011"}],"container-title":["Qatar Medical Journal"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.qscience.com\/view\/journals\/qmj\/2025\/1\/article-11.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.qscience.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/qmj\/2025\/1\/article-11.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.qscience.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/qmj\/2025\/1\/article-11.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T17:16:43Z","timestamp":1777310203000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.qscience.com\/view\/journals\/qmj\/2025\/1\/article-11.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5339\/qmj.2025.11","relation":{},"ISSN":["2227-0426"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2227-0426","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}}}