{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T17:53:31Z","timestamp":1777312411271,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>\n                    During the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, healthcare workers globally experienced unprecedented levels of stress. However, limited research has focused specifically on paramedics. As frontline workers, paramedics were placed under immense and unprecedented pressure. This study assessed stress levels and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms among paramedics in Qatar before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    An online survey adapted from validated tools was distributed to all paramedics in Qatar employed by Hamad Medical Corporation Ambulance Service (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 1100) between December 2020 and March 2021. Responses from volunteer participants were analyzed with data stratified by demographic factors to explore their impact on self-reported stress and PTSD levels. Stress levels were categorized into five ranges, from low to potentially dangerous.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The study received 272 valid responses. Before the pandemic, paramedics reported moderate stress levels, which escalated to severe levels during the pandemic. A paired t-test revealed significant differences in average stress and PTSD symptom scores before and during the pandemic. Symptoms included intrusive memories, avoidance behaviors, hypervigilance, sleep disturbances, and emotional numbness (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05). The average total PTSD score increased significantly during the pandemic from 37.59 (\u00b116.02) before the pandemic to 42.42 (\u00b1 17.29;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05). The proportion of paramedics reporting little to no PTSD symptoms decreased from 39.3% before to 28.3% during the pandemic. Conversely, those reporting highly severe PTSD increased from 33.1% to 44.1% (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The study highlights a significant increase in stress levels and PTSD symptoms among paramedics in Qatar during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period. This rise can be attributed to their role as frontline responders, which exposed them to heightened risks of infection, long shifts, and prolonged periods between leave. The findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to address stress and PTSD among paramedics, ensuring their mental and physical well-being and enabling them to continue providing effective medical care.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5339\/qmj.2025.111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T05:30:26Z","timestamp":1765431026000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Stress and PTSD levels among Hamad Medical Corporation Paramedics before and during the COVID-19 pandemic"],"prefix":"10.5339","volume":"2025","author":[{"given":"Mohammed Jameel Al","family":"Barbari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Work, Doha Institute for Graduate Studies, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Padarath","family":"Gangaram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hamad Medical Corporation Ambulance Service, Doha, Qatar"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hmoud","family":"Alolimat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Work, Doha Institute for Graduate Studies, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gary","family":"Kenward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hamad Medical Corporation Ambulance Service, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Laughton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hamad Medical Corporation Ambulance Service, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guillaume","family":"Alinier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hamad Medical Corporation Ambulance Service, Doha, Qatar"},{"name":"Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar"},{"name":"School of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK"},{"name":"Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK*Correspondance: Guillaume Alinier galinier@hamad.qa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3277","reference":[{"issue":"(3):","key":"B1","series-title":"Prehosp Emerg Care","first-page":"340\u20135","article-title":"Death by suicide-the EMS profession compared to the general public","volume":"23","author":"Vigil\n \nNH","year":"2019"},{"issue":"(7942):","key":"B2","series-title":"Nature","first-page":"130\u20137","article-title":"The WHO estimates of excess mortality associated with the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"613","author":"Msemburi\n \nW","year":"2023"},{"issue":"(2):","key":"B3","series-title":"Int Paramed Pract","first-page":"37\u20138","article-title":"Sequels of the COVID-19 pandemic on prehospital care professionals","volume":"12","author":"Alinier\n \nG","year":"2022"},{"key":"B4","series-title":"J 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