{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T17:53:36Z","timestamp":1777312416534,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:bold>\n Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a primary immunodeficiency due to alterations in the oxidative metabolism of phagocytic cells. This condition is characterized by serious and recurrent infections caused by pyogenic bacteria, particularly\n Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n , and fungal pathogens such as\n Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>\n . These infections are associated with granuloma formation and inflammatory manifestations.The aim of our study was to report the clinical characteristics, microbiological aspects and outcomes, and prognosis of a cohort comprising 42 Moroccan patients suffering from CGD.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n A total of 42 patients were diagnosed for family history, consanguinity, and both clinical and laboratory findings.The diagnosis was confirmed by assessing neutrophil oxidative burst activity, using either the nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) test or the dihydrorhodamine (DHR) test.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Results:<\/jats:bold>\n The cohort comprised children from 34 different families, including 12 siblings. The age of onset ranged from 4 days to 13 years, with the diagnosis being established between the ages of 25 days and 13 years. The predominant clinical manifestations were skin infections, lymphadenopathy, pneumonia, BCGitis, liver abscess, pulmonary aspergillosis, and inflammatory colitis. The most frequently isolated germs were\n Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Serratia<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic>\n . Among the total of 42 patients, 17 fatalities occurred, with aspergillosis being identified as the primary cause of their deaths.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n In this study, the clinical characteristics and isolated microorganisms correspond to the pathogens known to be important in CGD. Lung infections represent the most prevalent complication and significantly contribute to high mortality rates, particularly in the case of\n Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>\n pneumonia, which is known for its tendency to disseminate. Additionally, BCGitis has been frequently observed in countries where the BCG (Bacille Calmette\u2013Gu\u00e9rin) vaccination is routinely administered. Enterocolitis emerges as the most common inflammatory complication in clinical settings. Unfortunately, CGD remains largely unknown in Morocco, highlighting the urgent need to raise awareness among doctors. This increased awareness could facilitate early diagnosis and improve patient prognosis.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5339\/qmj.2025.14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,21]],"date-time":"2025-04-21T03:30:26Z","timestamp":1745206226000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical manifestations of 42 Moroccan patients with chronic granulomatous disease"],"prefix":"10.5339","volume":"2025","author":[{"given":"Assma","family":"Dably","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Inflammation and Allergy LICIA, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ibtihal","family":"Benhssaein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jalila","family":"El Bakkouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asmaa","family":"Drissi Bourhanbour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leila","family":"Jeddane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Aziz Bousfiha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatima","family":"Ailal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3277","reference":[{"issue":"(7):","key":"CIT0001","series-title":"J Clin Immunol","first-page":"1508\u201320","article-title":"The 2022 update of IUIS phenotypical classification for human inborn errors of immunity","volume":"42","author":"Bousfiha\n \nAA\n,","year":"2022"},{"issue":"14:","key":"CIT0002","series-title":"Allergy Asthma Clin 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middle east and north Africa: epidemiology diagnosis and care","author":"Al-Mousa\n \nH\n,","year":"2017"},{"issue":"(8):","key":"CIT0007","series-title":"J Clin Immunol","first-page":"1799\u2013811","article-title":"Chronic granulomatous disease: a cohort of 173 patients 10 years single center experience from Egypt","volume":"43","author":"Abd\n \nElaziz D\n,","year":"2023"},{"issue":"(10):","key":"CIT0008","series-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J","first-page":"1110\u20134","article-title":"Chronic granulomatous disease a large, single-center US experience","volume":"34","author":"Bortoletto\n \nP\n,","year":"2015"},{"issue":"(6):","key":"CIT0009","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"767\u201375","article-title":"Chronic granulomatous disease in patients reaching adulthood: a nationwide study in France","volume":"64","author":"Dunogu\u00e9\n \nB\n,","year":"2017"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"CIT0010","series-title":"J Clin 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