{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T17:53:43Z","timestamp":1777312423278,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Myelomeningocele (MMC) is a severe congenital malformation of the CNS (central nervous system) that often leads to seizures due to factors such as shunt complications and hydrocephalus. This study aims to develop a machine learning model to predict the likelihood of seizures in MMC patients by analyzing various predictors.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    This retrospective study involved 103 MMC patients. Factors such as demographics, MMC location, shunt history, and imaging were analyzed using the random forest classifier, the support vector classifier, and logistic regression. Model performance was assessed through bootstrap estimates, cross-validation, classification reports, and area under the curve (AUC).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Of the evaluated patients, 11 experienced seizures. The key influencing factors included gestational age, sacral location, hydrocephalus, shunt history, and corpus callosum dysgenesis. Machine learning (ML) models predicted seizure risk with an accuracy of 86\u201392% and an AUC ranging from 0.764 to 0.865. Significant predictors were imaging findings, shunt infection history, and gestational age.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n                    ML models effectively predict seizure risk in MMC patients, with certain variables showing strong associations and significant impact.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5339\/qmj.2025.15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,21]],"date-time":"2025-04-21T03:30:26Z","timestamp":1745206226000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Machine learning-based assessment of seizure risk predictors in myelomeningocele patients: A single-center retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.5339","volume":"2025","author":[{"given":"Maher","family":"Al Rifai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jordan University of Science and Technology, Ar-Ramtha, Irbid, Jordan*Correspondence: Maher Al Rifai. Email: Alrifaimd@gmail.com"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sultan","family":"Jarrar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jordan University of Science and Technology, Ar-Ramtha, Irbid, Jordan*Correspondence: Maher Al Rifai. Email: Alrifaimd@gmail.com"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Barbarawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jordan University of Science and Technology, Ar-Ramtha, Irbid, Jordan*Correspondence: Maher Al Rifai. Email: Alrifaimd@gmail.com"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Jamous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jordan University of Science and Technology, Ar-Ramtha, Irbid, Jordan*Correspondence: Maher Al Rifai. Email: Alrifaimd@gmail.com"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suleiman","family":"Daoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jordan University of Science and Technology, Ar-Ramtha, Irbid, Jordan*Correspondence: Maher Al Rifai. Email: Alrifaimd@gmail.com"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amer","family":"Jaradat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jordan University of Science and Technology, Ar-Ramtha, Irbid, Jordan*Correspondence: Maher Al Rifai. Email: Alrifaimd@gmail.com"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Owais","family":"Ghammaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jordan University of Science and Technology, Ar-Ramtha, Irbid, Jordan*Correspondence: Maher Al Rifai. Email: Alrifaimd@gmail.com"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bashar","family":"Hatem Abulsebaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jordan University of Science and Technology, Ar-Ramtha, Irbid, Jordan*Correspondence: Maher Al Rifai. Email: Alrifaimd@gmail.com"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qutaiba","family":"Alsumadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jordan University of Science and Technology, Ar-Ramtha, Irbid, Jordan*Correspondence: Maher Al Rifai. Email: Alrifaimd@gmail.com"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tala","family":"Ali Shibli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jordan University of Science and Technology, Ar-Ramtha, Irbid, Jordan*Correspondence: Maher Al Rifai. Email: Alrifaimd@gmail.com"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Osamah Alqudah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jordan University of Science and Technology, Ar-Ramtha, Irbid, Jordan*Correspondence: Maher Al Rifai. Email: Alrifaimd@gmail.com"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3277","reference":[{"key":"CIT0001","article-title":"Meningomyelocele. StatPearls","author":"Sahni\n \nM\n,"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"CIT0002","series-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)","first-page":"40","article-title":"Participation of children with Spina bifida: a scoping review using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health for Children and Youth (ICF-CY) as a reference framework","volume":"54","author":"Bakaniene\n \nI\n,","year":"2018"},{"issue":"1:","key":"CIT0003","series-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers","first-page":"15007","article-title":"Spina bifida","author":"Copp\n \nAJ\n,","year":"2015"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"CIT0004","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"289\u20138","article-title":"Hydrocephalus status in spina bifida: an evaluation of variations in neuropsychological outcomes","volume":"8","author":"Hampton\n \nLE\n,","year":"2011"},{"issue":"(2):","key":"CIT0005","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"153\u20138","article-title":"Clinical evaluation and surveillance imaging of children with myelomeningocele and shunted hydrocephalus: a follow-up study","volume":"23","author":"Wetzel\n \nJS\n,","year":"2019"},{"issue":"(6):","key":"CIT0006","series-title":"Clin Neuropsychol","first-page":"926\u201341","article-title":"Parent- and self-ratings of executive functions in adolescents and young adults with spina bifida","volume":"25","author":"Zabel\n \nTA\n,","year":"2011"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"CIT0007","series-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg","first-page":"114\u201320","article-title":"Spina bifida outcome: a 25-year prospective","volume":"34","author":"Bowman\n \nRM\n,","year":"2001"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"CIT0008","series-title":"Neurosurg Clin N Am [online]","first-page":"633\u201356","article-title":"Complications in ventricular cerebrospinal fluid shunting","volume":"4","author":"Blount\n \nJP\n,","year":"1993"},{"key":"CIT0009","first-page":"p. 209\u201321","article-title":"Shunts and shunt complications. 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Epilepsy in hydrocephalic children","volume":"79","author":"Saukkonen\n \nA\n,","year":"1990"},{"issue":"Suppl 1:","key":"CIT0029","series-title":"Kinderchir","first-page":"38\u201341","article-title":"The incidence of seizure disorder in children with acquired and congenital hydrocephalus","volume":"41","author":"Stellman\n \nGR\n,","year":"1986"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0030","series-title":"Pediatr Neurol","first-page":"29\u201332","article-title":"Epilepsy in children with meningomyelocele","volume":"13","author":"Talwar\n \nD\n,","year":"1995"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"CIT0031","series-title":"Childs Brain","first-page":"129\u201339","article-title":"Electro-clinical follow-up of shunted hydrocephalic children","volume":"3","author":"Varfis\n \nG\n,","year":"1977;"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0032","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"154\u20135","article-title":"ventricular shunt placement","volume":"66","author":"Venes\n \nJL\n,","year":"1987"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"CIT0033","series-title":"Am J Dis Child","first-page":"400\u20132","article-title":"Seizures in children with meningomyelocele","volume":"139","author":"Bartoshesky\n \nLE","year":"1985"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0034","series-title":"Childs Brain","first-page":"62\u20134","article-title":"Focal seizure disorder secondary to multiple shunt revisions. A case report","volume":"3","author":"Finney\n \nHL\n,","year":"1977;"},{"issue":"(75):","key":"CIT0035","series-title":"Acta Univ Carol Med Monogr","first-page":"92\u20133","article-title":"Epileptic fits in children with hydrocephalus","author":"Majewska\n \nZ\n,","year":"1976;"},{"issue":"Suppl 1:","key":"CIT0036","series-title":"Epilepsy Res","first-page":"S41\u201357","article-title":"Neonatal seizure classification: a fetal perspective concerning childhood epilepsy","volume":"70","author":"Scher\n \nMS","year":"2006"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0037","series-title":"J Perinatol","first-page":"40\u20133","article-title":"Neonatal seizures","volume":"19","author":"Sheth\n \nRD\n,","year":"1999;"},{"issue":"(Suppl 1):","key":"CIT0038","series-title":"Adv Med Sci [online]","first-page":"200\u20133","article-title":"Clinical-electroencephalographic analysis of brain bioelectrical activity in children with myelomeningocele and internal hydrocephalus","volume":"52","author":"Okurowska-Zawada\n \nB\n,","year":"2007;"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"CIT0039","series-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg","first-page":"413\u20139","article-title":"Hydrocephalus in myelomeningocele","volume":"5","author":"Stein\n \nSC\n,","year":"1979;"},{"issue":"(12):","key":"CIT0040","series-title":"Proc R Soc Med [online]","first-page":"1055\u201356","article-title":"The natural history of spina bifida cystica","volume":"53","author":"Laurence\n \nKM","year":"1960"},{"issue":"(188):","key":"CIT0041","series-title":"Arch Dis Child","first-page":"381\u20139","article-title":"Systematic ventriculographic studies in infants born with meningomyelocele and encephalocele: the incidence and development of hydrocephalus","volume":"36","author":"Lorber\n \nJ","year":"1961"},{"key":"CIT0001","article-title":"Meningomyelocele. StatPearls","author":"Sahni\n \nM\n,"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"CIT0002","series-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)","first-page":"40","article-title":"Participation of children with Spina bifida: a scoping review using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health for Children and Youth (ICF-CY) as a reference framework","volume":"54","author":"Bakaniene\n \nI\n,","year":"2018"},{"issue":"1:","key":"CIT0003","series-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers","first-page":"15007","article-title":"Spina bifida","author":"Copp\n \nAJ\n,","year":"2015"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"CIT0004","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"289\u20138","article-title":"Hydrocephalus status in spina bifida: an evaluation of variations in neuropsychological outcomes","volume":"8","author":"Hampton\n \nLE\n,","year":"2011"},{"issue":"(2):","key":"CIT0005","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"153\u20138","article-title":"Clinical evaluation and surveillance imaging of children with myelomeningocele and shunted hydrocephalus: a follow-up study","volume":"23","author":"Wetzel\n \nJS\n,","year":"2019"},{"issue":"(6):","key":"CIT0006","series-title":"Clin Neuropsychol","first-page":"926\u201341","article-title":"Parent- and self-ratings of executive functions in adolescents and young adults with spina bifida","volume":"25","author":"Zabel\n \nTA\n,","year":"2011"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"CIT0007","series-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg","first-page":"114\u201320","article-title":"Spina bifida outcome: a 25-year prospective","volume":"34","author":"Bowman\n \nRM\n,","year":"2001"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"CIT0008","series-title":"Neurosurg Clin N Am [online]","first-page":"633\u201356","article-title":"Complications in ventricular cerebrospinal fluid shunting","volume":"4","author":"Blount\n \nJP\n,","year":"1993"},{"key":"CIT0009","first-page":"p. 209\u201321","article-title":"Shunts and shunt complications. In: Hydrocephalus","author":"Maghrabi\n \nY\n,","year":"2017"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"CIT0010","series-title":"Surg Neurol","first-page":"281\u20135","article-title":"Incidence of seizures in patients with myelomeningocele: a multifactorial analysis","volume":"30","author":"Chadduck\n \nW\n,","year":"1988"},{"key":"CIT0011","first-page":"p. 297\u2013301","article-title":"Seizures in children with myelomeningocele. 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Discussion 332","article-title":"Epilepsy in patients with spina bifida in the lumbosacral region","volume":"29","author":"Yoshida\n \nF\n,","year":"2006"},{"issue":"(2):","key":"CIT0016","series-title":"Child Neuropsychol","first-page":"118\u201334","article-title":"Factors of biological risk and reserve associated with executive behaviors in children and adolescents with spina bifida myelomeningocele","volume":"14","author":"Brown\n \nTM\n,","year":"2008"},{"issue":"(2):","key":"CIT0017","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"274\u201381","article-title":"Epilepsy in children with shunted hydrocephalus","volume":"90","author":"Bourgeois\n \nM\n,","year":"1999"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"CIT0018","series-title":"Surg Neurol","first-page":"279\u201381","article-title":"The incidence of epilepsy after ventricular shunting operations","volume":"17","author":"Copeland\n \nGP\n,","year":"1982"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0019","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"19\u201321","article-title":"The incidence of epilepsy after ventricular shunting procedures","volume":"65","author":"Dan\n \nNG\n,","year":"1986"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"CIT0020","series-title":"Neuropediatrics","first-page":"135\u2013142","article-title":"Epidemiology of infantile hydrocephalus in Sweden: a clinical follow-up study in children born at term","volume":"19","author":"Fernell\n \nE\n,","year":"1988"},{"issue":"(5):","key":"CIT0021","series-title":"Clin Neurophysiol","first-page":"517\u201321","article-title":"EEG findings in hydrocephalus and their relation to shunting procedures. 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Epilepsy in hydrocephalic children","volume":"79","author":"Saukkonen\n \nA\n,","year":"1990"},{"issue":"Suppl 1:","key":"CIT0029","series-title":"Kinderchir","first-page":"38\u201341","article-title":"The incidence of seizure disorder in children with acquired and congenital hydrocephalus","volume":"41","author":"Stellman\n \nGR\n,","year":"1986"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0030","series-title":"Pediatr Neurol","first-page":"29\u201332","article-title":"Epilepsy in children with meningomyelocele","volume":"13","author":"Talwar\n \nD\n,","year":"1995"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"CIT0031","series-title":"Childs Brain","first-page":"129\u201339","article-title":"Electro-clinical follow-up of shunted hydrocephalic children","volume":"3","author":"Varfis\n \nG\n,","year":"1977;"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0032","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"154\u20135","article-title":"ventricular shunt placement","volume":"66","author":"Venes\n \nJL\n,","year":"1987"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"CIT0033","series-title":"Am J Dis Child","first-page":"400\u20132","article-title":"Seizures in children with meningomyelocele","volume":"139","author":"Bartoshesky\n \nLE","year":"1985"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0034","series-title":"Childs Brain","first-page":"62\u20134","article-title":"Focal seizure disorder secondary to multiple shunt revisions. 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