{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T17:54:00Z","timestamp":1777312440696,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"abstract":"\n Objective:<\/jats:bold>\n Urinary incontinence (UI) is involuntary urine leakage, mainly due to a feeling of high pressure in the abdominal part, the immediate and urgent need for micturition, or both. Neurotrophins (NTs) are a family of peptides that play a role in the regulation of nerve cells. Their effects on the lower urinary tract organs may provide a perspective to understand the development and diagnosis of UI. This study aims to investigate NT levels to understand how these molecules change in multiparous premenopausal women who suffer from stress-related UI. The study also evaluates diagnostic and distinguishing capabilities of NTs for these disorders.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n In this cross-sectional case\u2013control study, multiparous premenopausal women underwent a urodynamic examination, a stress cough test, and were evaluated with an International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form (ICIQ-SF). Participants were divided into three groups: 29 healthy women in the control group and two patient groups consisting of 26 women diagnosed with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and 33 women diagnosed with mixed urinary incontinence (MUI). Nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), and neurotrophin-4 (NT-4) levels in serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The body mass index (BMI) and ICIQ-SF scores of the patients were also calculated. The data obtained were compared between the groups. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis was performed to determine the role of NTs in diagnosing UI.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Results:<\/jats:bold>\n The result showed that serum NGF and NT-3 levels were significantly low in both incontinence subtypes compared to the control group (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.05). BMI scores and number of vaginal deliveries were higher in incontinence subtypes compared to the control group, and ICIQ-SF scores were higher in the MUI group.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n The differences in serum NGF and NT-3 levels were observed in multiparous premenopausal patients with UI. There was a decrease in serum NGF levels in MUI patients and serum NT-3 levels in SUI patients. Although the changes in serum NGF and NT-3 levels were significant, their discriminatory potential was weak or moderate.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5339\/qmj.2025.3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T23:30:21Z","timestamp":1740094221000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The relationship of neurotrophin levels with stress-induced urinary incontinence in multiparous premenopausal women"],"prefix":"10.5339","volume":"2025","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7940-4590","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"K\u00fcbranur","family":"\u00dcnal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1094-3309","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Musa","family":"Latif \u00c7\u00f6ll\u00fco\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0536-7157","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Elif","family":"Erdem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ankara Akyurt State Hospital, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7349-8063","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Cansu","family":"\u00d6zbas\u00b8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0930-775X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"\u00d6zhan","family":"\u00d6zdemir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey*Correspondence: K\u00fcbranur \u00dcnal. Email: kubranurunal@gazi.edu.tr"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3277","reference":[{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0001","series-title":"Neurourology and Urodynamics","first-page":"4-20","article-title":"An international urogynecological association (IUGA)\/international continence society (ICS) joint report on the terminology for female pelvic floor dysfunction","volume":"29","author":"Haylen\n \nBT\n,","year":"2010;"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0002","series-title":"Urology","first-page":"37-49","article-title":"The standardisation of terminology in lower urinary tract function: report from the standardisation sub-committee of the International Continence Society","volume":"61","author":"Abrams\n \nP\n,","year":"2003;"},{"key":"CIT0003","series-title":"Comprehensive Physiology","first-page":"p. 327-96","article-title":"Neural Control of the Lower Urinary Tract","author":"de Groat\n \nWC\n,"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"CIT0004","series-title":"Pharmacol Rev","first-page":"253-308","article-title":"Pharmacology of lower urinary tract smooth muscles and penile erectile tissues","volume":"45","author":"Anderson\n \nKE","year":"1993;"},{"issue":"(1 Pt 2):","key":"CIT0005","series-title":"Am J Physiol","first-page":"R44-50","article-title":"Sympathetic modulation of cholinergic transmission in cat vesical ganglia is mediated by alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptors","volume":"258","author":"Keast\n \nJR\n,","year":"1990;"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"CIT0006","series-title":"Physiol Rev","first-page":"935-86","article-title":"Urinary bladder contraction and relaxation: physiology and pathophysiology","volume":"84","author":"Andersson\n \nKE\n,","year":"2004;"},{"issue":"(24):","key":"CIT0007","series-title":"J Neurosci","first-page":"10627-32","article-title":"Mice lacking M2 and M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are devoid of cholinergic smooth muscle contractions but still viable","volume":"22","author":"Matsui\n \nM\n,","year":"2002;"},{"issue":"(4)","key":"CIT0008","series-title":"Curr Neuropharmacol","first-page":"553-8","article-title":"Neurotrophins in the lower urinary tract:becoming of age","volume":"9","author":"Frias\n \nB\n,","year":"2011;"},{"issue":"24","key":"CIT0009","series-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci","first-page":"677-736","article-title":"Neurotrophins:roles in neuronal development and function","author":"Huang\n \nEJ\n,","year":"2001;"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0010","series-title":"Neurourol Urodyn","first-page":"39-45","article-title":"Neurotrophins in bladder function: what do we know and where do we go from here?","volume":"33","author":"Cruz\n \nCD","year":"2014;"},{"issue":"(2)","key":"CIT0011","series-title":"Nat Clin Pract Urol","first-page":"101-10","article-title":"Mechanisms of Disease:the role of nerve growth factor in the pathophysiology of bladder disorders","volume":"3","author":"Steers\n \nWD\n,","year":"2006;"},{"issue":"(10):","key":"CIT0012","series-title":"Nature Reviews Urology","first-page":"579-88","article-title":"Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in urinary continence and incontinence","volume":"11","author":"Song\n \nQ-X\n,","year":"2014;"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0013","series-title":"Brain Research Reviews","first-page":"240-9","article-title":"BDNF: a neuromodulator in nociceptive pathways?","volume":"40","author":"Pezet\n \nS\n,","year":"2002;"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0014","series-title":"Exp Neurol","first-page":"273-84","article-title":"Changes in urinary bladder neurotrophic factor mRNA and NGF protein following urinary bladder dysfunction","volume":"161","author":"Vizzard\n \nMA","year":"2000;"},{"issue":"(2)","key":"CIT0015","series-title":"The Journal of Urology","first-page":"460-3","article-title":"THE SUPINE STRESS TEST:A SIMPLE METHOD TO DETECT INTRINSIC URETHRAL SPHINCTER DYSFUNCTION","volume":"162","author":"Hsu\n \nTHS\n,","year":"1999;"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"CIT0016","series-title":"T\u00fcrk \u00dcroloji Dergisi\/Turkish Journal of Urology","first-page":"332-8","article-title":"ICIQ-SF T\u00fcrk\u00e7e versiyonu validasyon (ge\u00e7erlilik) \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131","volume":"30","author":"\u00c7ET\u0130NEL\n \nB\n,","year":"2004;"},{"issue":"(4)","key":"CIT0017","series-title":"Neurourology and Urodynamics","first-page":"1063-86","article-title":"Prevalence of female urinary incontinence in the developing world:A systematic review and meta-analysis\u2014A Report from the Developing World Committee of the International Continence Society and Iranian Research Center for Evidence Based Medicine","volume":"39","author":"Mostafaei\n \nH\n,","year":"2020;"},{"issue":"(12):","key":"CIT0018","series-title":"J Formos Med Assoc","first-page":"862-78","article-title":"Urinary nerve growth factor levels in overactive bladder syndrome and lower urinary tract disorders","volume":"109","author":"Liu\n \nHT\n,","year":"2010;"},{"issue":"(10):","key":"CIT0019","series-title":"BJU International","first-page":"1440-4","article-title":"Urinar nerve growth factor level could be a biomarker in the differential diagnosis of mixed urinary incontinence in women","volume":"102","author":"Liu\n \nH-T\n,","year":"2008;"},{"key":"CIT0020","series-title":"Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience","first-page":"16","article-title":"Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Is an Important Therapeutic Factor in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Secretions for Treatment of Traumatic Peripheral Pelvic Injuries","author":"Yuan\n \nX\n,","year":"2022;"},{"issue":"(2):","key":"CIT0021","series-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol","first-page":"F277-83","article-title":"Dual simulated childbirth injury delays anatomic recovery","volume":"296","author":"Pan\n \nHQ\n,","year":"2009;"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"CIT0022","series-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol","first-page":"F239-47","article-title":"Effects of acute selective pudendal nerve electrical stimulation after simulated childbirth injury","volume":"304","author":"Jiang\n \nHH\n,","year":"2013;"},{"issue":"(2):","key":"CIT0023","series-title":"Exp Neurol","first-page":"342-8","article-title":"Electrophysiological function during voiding after simulated childbirth injuries","volume":"215","author":"Jiang\n \nHH\n,","year":"2009;"},{"issue":"343:","key":"CIT0024","series-title":"Experimental Neurology","first-page":"113781","article-title":"Brain derived neurotrophic factor mediates accelerated recovery of regenerative electrical stimulation in an animal model of stress urinary incontinence","author":"Balog\n \nBM\n,","year":"2021;"},{"key":"CIT0025","series-title":"J Clin Med","first-page":"(14)","article-title":"An Examination of the Relationship between Urinary Neurotrophin Concentrations and Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) Used in Pediatric Overactive Bladder Therapy","volume":"10","author":"Bagi\u0144ska\n \nJ\n,","year":"2021;"},{"issue":"(5)","key":"CIT0026","series-title":"International Urology and Nephrology","first-page":"777-85","article-title":"Addressing challenges in underactive bladder:recommendations and insights from the Congress on Underactive Bladder (CURE-UAB)","volume":"49","author":"Dewulf\n \nK\n,","year":"2017;"},{"issue":"(6):","key":"CIT0027","series-title":"Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct","first-page":"366-9","article-title":"Body mass index and urinary symptoms in women","volume":"12","author":"Elia\n \nG\n,","year":"2001;"},{"issue":"(2 Pt 1):","key":"CIT0028","series-title":"Obstet Gynecol","first-page":"346-53","article-title":"Body mass index and urinary symptoms in women","volume":"110","author":"Townsend\n \nMK\n,","year":"2007;"},{"issue":"(8):","key":"CIT0029","series-title":"Neurourol Urodyn","first-page":"749-57","article-title":"A systematic review of overweight and obesity as risk factors and targets for clinical intervention for urinary incontinence in women","volume":"27","author":"Hunskaar\n \nS","year":"2008;"},{"issue":"(5)","key":"CIT0030","series-title":"Neurourology and Urodynamics","first-page":"411-5","article-title":"Comparison of two questionnaires for assessing the severity of urinary incontinence:The ICIQ-UI SF versus the incontinence severity index","volume":"28","author":"Klovning\n \nA\n,","year":"2009;"},{"key":"CIT0031","first-page":"13","author":"Dedica\u00e7\u00e3o\n \nAC\n,","year":"2009;"},{"issue":"(2):","key":"CIT0032","series-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology","first-page":"428-34","article-title":"Association of age, race, and obstetric history with urinary symptoms among women in the Nurses\u2019 Health Study","volume":"189","author":"Grodstein\n \nF\n,","year":"2003;"},{"key":"CIT0033","series-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol X","first-page":"100138","article-title":"Maternal risk factors of urinary incontinence during pregnancy and postpartum:A prospective cohort study","volume":"13","author":"Rajavuori\n \nA\n,","year":"2022;"},{"issue":"(14)","key":"CIT0034","series-title":"Jama","first-page":"1822-31","article-title":"Outcomes at 3 months after planned cesarean vs planned vaginal delivery for breech presentation at term:the international randomized Term Breech Trial","volume":"287","author":"Hannah\n \nME\n,","year":"2002;"},{"issue":"(2):","key":"CIT0035","series-title":"Sao Paulo Med J","first-page":"95-9","article-title":"Prevalence of urinary incontinence and pelvic floor muscle dysfunction in primiparae two years after cesarean section: cross-sectional study","volume":"131","author":"Barbosa\n \nAM\n,","year":"2013;"},{"issue":"Suppl 1:","key":"CIT0036","series-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet","first-page":"S17-24","article-title":"Differentiating stress urinary incontinence from urge urinary incontinence","volume":"86","author":"Dwyer\n \nPL","year":"2004;"},{"issue":"(8):","key":"CIT0037","series-title":"Neurourol Urodyn","first-page":"944-8","article-title":"Reliability and validity of urinary nerve growth factor measurement in women with lower urinary tract symptoms","volume":"35","author":"Vijaya\n \nG\n,","year":"2016;"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0001","series-title":"Neurourology and Urodynamics","first-page":"4-20","article-title":"An international urogynecological association (IUGA)\/international continence society (ICS) joint report on the terminology for female pelvic floor dysfunction","volume":"29","author":"Haylen\n \nBT\n,","year":"2010;"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0002","series-title":"Urology","first-page":"37-49","article-title":"The standardisation of terminology in lower urinary tract function: report from the standardisation sub-committee of the International Continence Society","volume":"61","author":"Abrams\n \nP\n,","year":"2003;"},{"key":"CIT0003","series-title":"Comprehensive Physiology","first-page":"p. 327-96","article-title":"Neural Control of the Lower Urinary Tract","author":"de Groat\n \nWC\n,"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"CIT0004","series-title":"Pharmacol Rev","first-page":"253-308","article-title":"Pharmacology of lower urinary tract smooth muscles and penile erectile tissues","volume":"45","author":"Anderson\n \nKE","year":"1993;"},{"issue":"(1 Pt 2):","key":"CIT0005","series-title":"Am J Physiol","first-page":"R44-50","article-title":"Sympathetic modulation of cholinergic transmission in cat vesical ganglia is mediated by alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptors","volume":"258","author":"Keast\n \nJR\n,","year":"1990;"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"CIT0006","series-title":"Physiol Rev","first-page":"935-86","article-title":"Urinary bladder contraction and relaxation: physiology and pathophysiology","volume":"84","author":"Andersson\n \nKE\n,","year":"2004;"},{"issue":"(24):","key":"CIT0007","series-title":"J Neurosci","first-page":"10627-32","article-title":"Mice lacking M2 and M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are devoid of cholinergic smooth muscle contractions but still viable","volume":"22","author":"Matsui\n \nM\n,","year":"2002;"},{"issue":"(4)","key":"CIT0008","series-title":"Curr Neuropharmacol","first-page":"553-8","article-title":"Neurotrophins in the lower urinary tract:becoming of age","volume":"9","author":"Frias\n \nB\n,","year":"2011;"},{"issue":"24","key":"CIT0009","series-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci","first-page":"677-736","article-title":"Neurotrophins:roles in neuronal development and function","author":"Huang\n \nEJ\n,","year":"2001;"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0010","series-title":"Neurourol Urodyn","first-page":"39-45","article-title":"Neurotrophins in bladder function: what do we know and where do we go from here?","volume":"33","author":"Cruz\n \nCD","year":"2014;"},{"issue":"(2)","key":"CIT0011","series-title":"Nat Clin Pract Urol","first-page":"101-10","article-title":"Mechanisms of Disease:the role of nerve growth factor in the pathophysiology of bladder disorders","volume":"3","author":"Steers\n \nWD\n,","year":"2006;"},{"issue":"(10):","key":"CIT0012","series-title":"Nature Reviews Urology","first-page":"579-88","article-title":"Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in urinary continence and incontinence","volume":"11","author":"Song\n \nQ-X\n,","year":"2014;"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0013","series-title":"Brain Research Reviews","first-page":"240-9","article-title":"BDNF: a neuromodulator in nociceptive pathways?","volume":"40","author":"Pezet\n \nS\n,","year":"2002;"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0014","series-title":"Exp Neurol","first-page":"273-84","article-title":"Changes in urinary bladder neurotrophic factor mRNA and NGF protein following urinary bladder dysfunction","volume":"161","author":"Vizzard\n \nMA","year":"2000;"},{"issue":"(2)","key":"CIT0015","series-title":"The Journal of Urology","first-page":"460-3","article-title":"THE SUPINE STRESS TEST:A SIMPLE METHOD TO DETECT INTRINSIC URETHRAL SPHINCTER DYSFUNCTION","volume":"162","author":"Hsu\n \nTHS\n,","year":"1999;"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"CIT0016","series-title":"T\u00fcrk \u00dcroloji Dergisi\/Turkish Journal of Urology","first-page":"332-8","article-title":"ICIQ-SF T\u00fcrk\u00e7e versiyonu validasyon (ge\u00e7erlilik) \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131","volume":"30","author":"\u00c7ET\u0130NEL\n \nB\n,","year":"2004;"},{"issue":"(4)","key":"CIT0017","series-title":"Neurourology and Urodynamics","first-page":"1063-86","article-title":"Prevalence of female urinary incontinence in the developing world:A systematic review and meta-analysis\u2014A Report from the Developing World Committee of the International Continence Society and Iranian Research Center for Evidence Based Medicine","volume":"39","author":"Mostafaei\n \nH\n,","year":"2020;"},{"issue":"(12):","key":"CIT0018","series-title":"J Formos Med Assoc","first-page":"862-78","article-title":"Urinary nerve growth factor levels in overactive bladder syndrome and lower urinary tract disorders","volume":"109","author":"Liu\n \nHT\n,","year":"2010;"},{"issue":"(10):","key":"CIT0019","series-title":"BJU International","first-page":"1440-4","article-title":"Urinar nerve growth factor level could be a biomarker in the differential diagnosis of mixed urinary incontinence in women","volume":"102","author":"Liu\n \nH-T\n,","year":"2008;"},{"key":"CIT0020","series-title":"Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience","first-page":"16","article-title":"Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Is an Important Therapeutic Factor in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Secretions for Treatment of Traumatic Peripheral Pelvic Injuries","author":"Yuan\n \nX\n,","year":"2022;"},{"issue":"(2):","key":"CIT0021","series-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol","first-page":"F277-83","article-title":"Dual simulated childbirth injury delays anatomic recovery","volume":"296","author":"Pan\n \nHQ\n,","year":"2009;"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"CIT0022","series-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol","first-page":"F239-47","article-title":"Effects of acute selective pudendal nerve electrical stimulation after simulated childbirth injury","volume":"304","author":"Jiang\n \nHH\n,","year":"2013;"},{"issue":"(2):","key":"CIT0023","series-title":"Exp Neurol","first-page":"342-8","article-title":"Electrophysiological function during voiding after simulated childbirth injuries","volume":"215","author":"Jiang\n \nHH\n,","year":"2009;"},{"issue":"343:","key":"CIT0024","series-title":"Experimental Neurology","first-page":"113781","article-title":"Brain derived neurotrophic factor mediates accelerated recovery of regenerative electrical stimulation in an animal model of stress urinary incontinence","author":"Balog\n \nBM\n,","year":"2021;"},{"key":"CIT0025","series-title":"J Clin Med","first-page":"(14)","article-title":"An Examination of the Relationship between Urinary Neurotrophin Concentrations and Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) Used in Pediatric Overactive Bladder Therapy","volume":"10","author":"Bagi\u0144ska\n \nJ\n,","year":"2021;"},{"issue":"(5)","key":"CIT0026","series-title":"International Urology and Nephrology","first-page":"777-85","article-title":"Addressing challenges in underactive bladder:recommendations and insights from the Congress on Underactive Bladder (CURE-UAB)","volume":"49","author":"Dewulf\n \nK\n,","year":"2017;"},{"issue":"(6):","key":"CIT0027","series-title":"Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct","first-page":"366-9","article-title":"Body mass index and urinary symptoms in women","volume":"12","author":"Elia\n \nG\n,","year":"2001;"},{"issue":"(2 Pt 1):","key":"CIT0028","series-title":"Obstet Gynecol","first-page":"346-53","article-title":"Body mass index and urinary symptoms in women","volume":"110","author":"Townsend\n \nMK\n,","year":"2007;"},{"issue":"(8):","key":"CIT0029","series-title":"Neurourol Urodyn","first-page":"749-57","article-title":"A systematic review of overweight and obesity as risk factors and targets for clinical intervention for urinary incontinence in women","volume":"27","author":"Hunskaar\n \nS","year":"2008;"},{"issue":"(5)","key":"CIT0030","series-title":"Neurourology and Urodynamics","first-page":"411-5","article-title":"Comparison of two questionnaires for assessing the severity of urinary incontinence:The ICIQ-UI SF versus the incontinence severity index","volume":"28","author":"Klovning\n \nA\n,","year":"2009;"},{"key":"CIT0031","first-page":"13","author":"Dedica\u00e7\u00e3o\n \nAC\n,","year":"2009;"},{"issue":"(2):","key":"CIT0032","series-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology","first-page":"428-34","article-title":"Association of age, race, and obstetric history with urinary symptoms among women in the Nurses\u2019 Health Study","volume":"189","author":"Grodstein\n \nF\n,","year":"2003;"},{"key":"CIT0033","series-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol X","first-page":"100138","article-title":"Maternal risk factors of urinary incontinence 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\nPL","year":"2004;"},{"issue":"(8):","key":"CIT0037","series-title":"Neurourol Urodyn","first-page":"944-8","article-title":"Reliability and validity of urinary nerve growth factor measurement in women with lower urinary tract symptoms","volume":"35","author":"Vijaya\n \nG\n,","year":"2016;"}],"container-title":["Qatar Medical 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