{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T11:41:34Z","timestamp":1783942894210,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":114,"publisher":"Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Monkeypox (Mpox) was identified as a virus endemic to Central and Western Africa. Since 2022, the virus has gained global attention due to increasing cases in non-endemic countries among patients having no link to travel to endemic areas. The virus is primarily transmitted through animal-to-human contact but has increasingly spread via human-to-human transmission. A comprehensive understanding of the epidemiology of Mpox in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is essential for effective disease prevention, diagnosis, surveillance, and control.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    This review investigates historical data and recent global and regional epidemiological trends of Mpox. The review discusses the clinical features, public health challenges, and preventive measures relevant to the MENA region using updated data from World Health Organization (WHO) reports, national health statistics, and additional relevant resources.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Mpox cases significantly spread globally during the 2022\u20132024 period. The MENA region has a relatively low number of documented cases, with 857 confirmed cases by August 2024. Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) reported the highest case numbers, reflecting effective surveillance and case detection. However, new cases of Mpox were announced in September 2024 in Morocco and Jordan following the WHO\u2019s declaration of Mpox as a public health emergency of international concern.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The current number of cases in the MENA region could be underestimated due to underreporting, stigmatization, limited resources, and ongoing conflicts in several countries. It is essential to prioritize the containment of the outbreak, exploring all possible strategies to protect vulnerable communities.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5339\/qmj.2025.52","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T02:30:42Z","timestamp":1751855442000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Monkeypox: A comprehensive review with a focus on the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region"],"prefix":"10.5339","volume":"2025","author":[{"given":"Aya A.","family":"Al-Rubaye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Basrah Medical College, Basrah, Iraq*Correspondence: Aya A. Al-Rubaye aya.zayed@uobasrah.edu.iq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3277","reference":[{"issue":"(2):","key":"CIT0001","series-title":"Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand","first-page":"156\u201376","article-title":"A pox-like disease in cynomolgus monkeys","volume":"46","author":"Magnus\nPV","year":"1959;"},{"issue":"(10):","key":"CIT0002","series-title":"Viruses","first-page":"283","article-title":"Assessing Monkeypox virus prevalence in small mammals at the human-animal interface in the Democratic Republic of the Congo","volume":"9","author":"Doty\nJB","year":"2017;"},{"issue":"(5):","key":"CIT0003","series-title":"Bull World Health Organ","first-page":"593\u20137","article-title":"A human infection caused by Monkeypox virus in Basankusu Territory, Democratic Republic of the Congo","volume":"46","author":"Ladnyj\nID","year":"1972;"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0004","series-title":"Lancet Infect Dis","first-page":"15\u201325","article-title":"Human Monkeypox: an emerging zoonosis","volume":"4","author":"Di Giulio\nDB","year":"2004;"},{"issue":"(37):","key":"CIT0005","series-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A","first-page":"16262\u20137","article-title":"Major increase in human Monkeypox incidence 30 years after Smallpox vaccination campaigns cease in the Democratic Republic of Congo","volume":"107","author":"Rimoin\nAW","year":"2010;"},{"issue":"(12):","key":"CIT0006","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"1765\u201371","article-title":"Reemergence of Monkeypox: prevalence, diagnostics, and countermeasures","volume":"41","author":"Weinstein\nRA","year":"2005;"},{"issue":"(14):","key":"CIT0007","series-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep","first-page":"304\u20137","article-title":"Human Monkeypox\u2014Kasai Oriental, Zaire, 1996-1997","volume":"46","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"1997;"},{"issue":"(5):","key":"CIT0008","series-title":"FDA Consum","first-page":"3","article-title":"Preventing Monkeypox","volume":"37","year":"2003;"},{"issue":"(23):","key":"CIT0009","series-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep","first-page":"537\u201340","article-title":"Multistate outbreak of Monkeypox\u2014Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin, 2003","volume":"52","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2003;"},{"issue":"(10):","key":"CIT0010","series-title":"J Infect Dis","first-page":"1833\u201340","article-title":"Human monkeypox infection: a family cluster in the Midwestern United States","volume":"190","author":"Sejvar\nJJ","year":"2004;"},{"issue":"(27):","key":"CIT0011","series-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep","first-page":"642\u20136","article-title":"Update: multistate outbreak of monkeypox\u2014Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Missouri, Ohio, and Wisconsin, 2003","volume":"52","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2003;"},{"key":"CIT0012","article-title":"Orthopoxviruses pathogenic for humans","author":"Shchelkunov\nSN","year":"2006"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"CIT0013","series-title":"Lancet Infect Dis","first-page":"273\u20135","article-title":"New nomenclature for mpox (monkeypox) and monkeypox virus clades","volume":"23","author":"Ulaeto\nD","year":"2023;"},{"key":"CIT0014","series-title":"WHO monkeypox: experts give virus variants new names","year":"2022"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0015","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"172\u20136","article-title":"Clade I-associated mpox cases associated with sexual contact, the Democratic Republic of the Congo","volume":"30","author":"Kibungu\nEM","year":"2024;"},{"key":"CIT0016","series-title":"Int J Infect Dis","first-page":"78\u201384","article-title":"Monkeypox\u2014enhancing public health preparedness for an emerging lethal human zoonotic epidemic threat in the wake of the smallpox post-eradication era","volume":"78","author":"Petersen\nE","year":"2019;"},{"issue":"(4)","key":"CIT0017","series-title":"J Clin Exp Invest","article-title":"Monkeypox in Morocco: a perspective","volume":"13","author":"Ait Addi\nR","year":"2022;"},{"key":"CIT0018","series-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol","first-page":"1360586","article-title":"A comprehensive review of monkeypox virus and mpox characteristics","volume":"14","author":"Alakunle\nE","year":"2024;"},{"key":"CIT0019","series-title":"EClinicalMedicine","first-page":"101710","article-title":"Global monkeypox case hospitalisation rates: a rapid systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"54","author":"DeWitt\nME","year":"2022;"},{"issue":"(7):","key":"CIT0020","series-title":"J Infect Dis","first-page":"824\u20138","article-title":"Maternal and fetal outcomes among pregnant women with human monkeypox infection in the Democratic Republic of Congo","volume":"216","author":"Mbala\nPK","year":"2017;"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0021","series-title":"J Med Virol","first-page":"e27902","article-title":"Re-emerging human monkeypox: a major public health debacle","volume":"95","author":"Saxena\nSK","year":"2023;"},{"key":"CIT0022","series-title":"Indian J Med Microbiol","first-page":"100704","article-title":"Human monkeypox virus: a systematic critical review during the pandemic peak","volume":"51","author":"Derhab\nN","year":"2024;"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"CIT0023","series-title":"Rev Med Virol","first-page":"e2446","article-title":"Clinical manifestations of human Mpox infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"33","author":"Yon\nH","year":"2023;"},{"key":"CIT0024","series-title":"New Microbes New Infect","first-page":"101487","article-title":"The resurgence of monkeypox: epidemiology, clinical features, and public health implications in the post-smallpox eradication era","volume":"62","author":"Singh\nP","year":"2024;"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"CIT0025","series-title":"Pediatr Investig","first-page":"224\u20135","article-title":"The diversity of clinical manifestations of human monkeypox should be emphasized in 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at the press conference following IHR Emergency Committee regarding the multi-country outbreak of monkeypox"},{"key":"CIT0032","series-title":"WHO Director-General declares mpox outbreak a public health emergency of international concern"},{"key":"CIT0033","series-title":"The WHO Global Clinical Platform for mpox"},{"issue":"(10454):","key":"CIT0034","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"e1\u20132","article-title":"Mpox declared a public health emergency","volume":"404","author":"Adepoju\nP","year":"2024;"},{"key":"CIT0035","series-title":"Epidemic intelligence weekly report","author":"Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2024"},{"key":"CIT0036","series-title":"2022\u201324 Mpox outbreak: global trends","year":"2024"},{"key":"CIT0037","series-title":"UAE reports first case of monkeypox in the Gulf"},{"key":"CIT0038","series-title":"Our world in data: mpox"},{"issue":"(8):","key":"CIT0039","series-title":"Trop Med Infect Dis","first-page":"396","article-title":"Are Saudi healthcare workers willing to receive the monkeypox virus vaccine? Evidence from a descriptive-baseline survey","volume":"8","author":"Alarifi\nAM","year":"2023;"},{"key":"CIT0040","series-title":"IJID Reg","first-page":"100358","article-title":"Epidemiology, clinical presentation, and outcome of Mpox: a study of 381 cases in Saudi Arabia","volume":"11","author":"Assiri\nAM","year":"2024;"},{"issue":"(2):","key":"CIT0041","series-title":"Trop Med Infect Dis","first-page":"76","article-title":"Mpox, caused by the MPXV of the clade IIb lineage, goes global","volume":"8","author":"Gao\nL","year":"2023;"},{"key":"CIT0042","series-title":"Public Health Ministry: No new cases of mpox have been recorded in Lebanon since March"},{"key":"CIT0043","series-title":"Bahrain confirms close monitoring of mpox threat"},{"key":"CIT0044","series-title":"No cases of mpox reported in Oman: MOH"},{"key":"CIT0045","series-title":"Health ministry says no mpox cases have been detected in Egypt or neighboring states"},{"key":"CIT0046","series-title":"MoPH confirms Qatar is free of mpox cases"},{"issue":"(11):","key":"CIT0047","series-title":"J Infect Public Health","first-page":"1802\u20135","article-title":"Clinical Manifestations and outcome of Mpox infection in Qatar: an observational study during the 2022 outbreak","volume":"16","author":"Zaqout\nA","year":"2023;"},{"key":"CIT0048","series-title":"Jordanian health ministry records mpox case for a non-Jordanian resident, state news agency says"},{"key":"CIT0049","series-title":"Morocco confirms first mpox case in current outbreak"},{"issue":"(9):","key":"CIT0050","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"962\u20133","article-title":"Discovery of monkeypox in Sudan","volume":"355","author":"Damon\nIK","year":"2006;"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0051","series-title":"BMC Public Health","first-page":"2457","article-title":"Monkeypox pandemic in Sudan, surveillance epidemiologic report, 2022","volume":"24","author":"Izzoddeen\nA","year":"2024;"},{"key":"CIT0052","series-title":"Multi-country outbreak of mpox, external situation report #38","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2024"},{"issue":"(6):","key":"CIT0053","series-title":"J Infect Public Health","first-page":"901\u201310","article-title":"Mpox: risks and approaches to prevention","volume":"16","author":"Amer\nF","year":"2023;"},{"key":"CIT0054","series-title":"Front Public Health","first-page":"1254545","article-title":"Monkeypox as a potential emerging pandemic: a discussion on future risks and preparedness in Saudi Arabia","volume":"11","author":"Shoaib\nHM","year":"2023;"},{"key":"CIT0055","series-title":"New Microbes New Infect","first-page":"101466","article-title":"Global Mpox outbreak: are we prepared for emerging strains?","volume":"62","author":"Sah\nR","year":"2024;"},{"key":"CIT0056","series-title":"WHO prequalifies the first vaccine against mpox"},{"key":"CIT0057","series-title":"MVA-BN Vaccine"},{"issue":"(2):","key":"CIT0001","series-title":"Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand","first-page":"156\u201376","article-title":"A pox-like disease in cynomolgus monkeys","volume":"46","author":"Magnus\nPV","year":"1959;"},{"issue":"(10):","key":"CIT0002","series-title":"Viruses","first-page":"283","article-title":"Assessing Monkeypox virus prevalence in small mammals at the human-animal interface in the Democratic Republic of the Congo","volume":"9","author":"Doty\nJB","year":"2017;"},{"issue":"(5):","key":"CIT0003","series-title":"Bull World Health Organ","first-page":"593\u20137","article-title":"A human infection caused by Monkeypox virus in Basankusu Territory, Democratic Republic of the Congo","volume":"46","author":"Ladnyj\nID","year":"1972;"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0004","series-title":"Lancet Infect Dis","first-page":"15\u201325","article-title":"Human Monkeypox: an emerging zoonosis","volume":"4","author":"Di Giulio\nDB","year":"2004;"},{"issue":"(37):","key":"CIT0005","series-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A","first-page":"16262\u20137","article-title":"Major increase in human Monkeypox incidence 30 years after Smallpox vaccination campaigns cease in the Democratic Republic of Congo","volume":"107","author":"Rimoin\nAW","year":"2010;"},{"issue":"(12):","key":"CIT0006","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"1765\u201371","article-title":"Reemergence of Monkeypox: prevalence, diagnostics, and countermeasures","volume":"41","author":"Weinstein\nRA","year":"2005;"},{"issue":"(14):","key":"CIT0007","series-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep","first-page":"304\u20137","article-title":"Human Monkeypox\u2014Kasai Oriental, Zaire, 1996-1997","volume":"46","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"1997;"},{"issue":"(5):","key":"CIT0008","series-title":"FDA Consum","first-page":"3","article-title":"Preventing Monkeypox","volume":"37","year":"2003;"},{"issue":"(23):","key":"CIT0009","series-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep","first-page":"537\u201340","article-title":"Multistate outbreak of Monkeypox\u2014Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin, 2003","volume":"52","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2003;"},{"issue":"(10):","key":"CIT0010","series-title":"J Infect Dis","first-page":"1833\u201340","article-title":"Human monkeypox infection: a family cluster in the Midwestern United States","volume":"190","author":"Sejvar\nJJ","year":"2004;"},{"issue":"(27):","key":"CIT0011","series-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep","first-page":"642\u20136","article-title":"Update: multistate outbreak of monkeypox\u2014Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Missouri, Ohio, and Wisconsin, 2003","volume":"52","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2003;"},{"key":"CIT0012","article-title":"Orthopoxviruses pathogenic for humans","author":"Shchelkunov\nSN","year":"2006"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"CIT0013","series-title":"Lancet Infect Dis","first-page":"273\u20135","article-title":"New nomenclature for mpox (monkeypox) and monkeypox virus clades","volume":"23","author":"Ulaeto\nD","year":"2023;"},{"key":"CIT0014","series-title":"WHO monkeypox: experts give virus variants new names","year":"2022"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0015","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"172\u20136","article-title":"Clade I-associated mpox cases associated with sexual contact, the Democratic Republic of the Congo","volume":"30","author":"Kibungu\nEM","year":"2024;"},{"key":"CIT0016","series-title":"Int J Infect Dis","first-page":"78\u201384","article-title":"Monkeypox\u2014enhancing public health preparedness for an emerging lethal human zoonotic epidemic threat in the wake of the smallpox post-eradication era","volume":"78","author":"Petersen\nE","year":"2019;"},{"issue":"(4)","key":"CIT0017","series-title":"J Clin Exp Invest","article-title":"Monkeypox in Morocco: a perspective","volume":"13","author":"Ait Addi\nR","year":"2022;"},{"key":"CIT0018","series-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol","first-page":"1360586","article-title":"A comprehensive review of monkeypox virus and mpox characteristics","volume":"14","author":"Alakunle\nE","year":"2024;"},{"key":"CIT0019","series-title":"EClinicalMedicine","first-page":"101710","article-title":"Global monkeypox case hospitalisation rates: a rapid systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"54","author":"DeWitt\nME","year":"2022;"},{"issue":"(7):","key":"CIT0020","series-title":"J Infect Dis","first-page":"824\u20138","article-title":"Maternal and fetal outcomes among pregnant women with human monkeypox infection in the Democratic Republic of Congo","volume":"216","author":"Mbala\nPK","year":"2017;"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0021","series-title":"J Med Virol","first-page":"e27902","article-title":"Re-emerging human monkeypox: a major public health debacle","volume":"95","author":"Saxena\nSK","year":"2023;"},{"key":"CIT0022","series-title":"Indian J Med Microbiol","first-page":"100704","article-title":"Human monkeypox virus: a systematic critical review during the pandemic peak","volume":"51","author":"Derhab\nN","year":"2024;"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"CIT0023","series-title":"Rev Med Virol","first-page":"e2446","article-title":"Clinical manifestations of human Mpox infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"33","author":"Yon\nH","year":"2023;"},{"key":"CIT0024","series-title":"New Microbes New Infect","first-page":"101487","article-title":"The resurgence of monkeypox: epidemiology, clinical features, and public health implications in the post-smallpox eradication era","volume":"62","author":"Singh\nP","year":"2024;"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"CIT0025","series-title":"Pediatr Investig","first-page":"224\u20135","article-title":"The diversity of clinical manifestations of human monkeypox should be emphasized in practice","volume":"6","author":"Yao\nK","year":"2022;"},{"issue":"(5):","key":"CIT0026","series-title":"An Bras Dermatol","first-page":"734\u20135","article-title":"Atypical clinical features of mpox (monkeypox): a diagnostic challenge - reply","volume":"98","author":"Pinto-Pulido\nEL","year":"2023;"},{"key":"CIT0027","series-title":"Cases of Monkeypox Confirmed in England","author":"Public Health England"},{"key":"CIT0028","series-title":"Disease outbreak news; monkeypox - United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2022"},{"key":"CIT0029","series-title":"Disease outbreak news; multi-country monkeypox outbreak in non-endemic countries","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2022"},{"key":"CIT0030","series-title":"Disease outbreak news; multi-country monkeypox outbreak in non-endemic countries: update","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2022"},{"key":"CIT0031","series-title":"WHO Director-General\u2019s statement at the press conference following IHR Emergency Committee regarding the multi-country outbreak of monkeypox"},{"key":"CIT0032","series-title":"WHO Director-General declares mpox outbreak a public health emergency of international concern"},{"key":"CIT0033","series-title":"The WHO Global Clinical Platform for mpox"},{"issue":"(10454):","key":"CIT0034","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"e1\u20132","article-title":"Mpox declared a public health emergency","volume":"404","author":"Adepoju\nP","year":"2024;"},{"key":"CIT0035","series-title":"Epidemic intelligence weekly report","author":"Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2024"},{"key":"CIT0036","series-title":"2022\u201324 Mpox outbreak: global trends","year":"2024"},{"key":"CIT0037","series-title":"UAE reports first case of monkeypox in the Gulf"},{"key":"CIT0038","series-title":"Our world in data: mpox"},{"issue":"(8):","key":"CIT0039","series-title":"Trop Med Infect Dis","first-page":"396","article-title":"Are Saudi healthcare workers willing to receive the monkeypox virus vaccine? Evidence from a descriptive-baseline survey","volume":"8","author":"Alarifi\nAM","year":"2023;"},{"key":"CIT0040","series-title":"IJID Reg","first-page":"100358","article-title":"Epidemiology, clinical presentation, and outcome of Mpox: a study of 381 cases in Saudi Arabia","volume":"11","author":"Assiri\nAM","year":"2024;"},{"issue":"(2):","key":"CIT0041","series-title":"Trop Med Infect Dis","first-page":"76","article-title":"Mpox, caused by the MPXV of the clade IIb lineage, goes global","volume":"8","author":"Gao\nL","year":"2023;"},{"key":"CIT0042","series-title":"Public Health Ministry: No new cases of mpox have been recorded in Lebanon since March"},{"key":"CIT0043","series-title":"Bahrain confirms close monitoring of mpox threat"},{"key":"CIT0044","series-title":"No cases of mpox reported in Oman: MOH"},{"key":"CIT0045","series-title":"Health ministry says no mpox cases have been detected in Egypt or neighboring states"},{"key":"CIT0046","series-title":"MoPH confirms Qatar is free of mpox cases"},{"issue":"(11):","key":"CIT0047","series-title":"J Infect Public Health","first-page":"1802\u20135","article-title":"Clinical Manifestations and outcome of Mpox infection in Qatar: an observational study during the 2022 outbreak","volume":"16","author":"Zaqout\nA","year":"2023;"},{"key":"CIT0048","series-title":"Jordanian health ministry records mpox case for a non-Jordanian resident, state news agency says"},{"key":"CIT0049","series-title":"Morocco confirms first mpox case in current outbreak"},{"issue":"(9):","key":"CIT0050","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"962\u20133","article-title":"Discovery of monkeypox in Sudan","volume":"355","author":"Damon\nIK","year":"2006;"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0051","series-title":"BMC Public Health","first-page":"2457","article-title":"Monkeypox pandemic in Sudan, surveillance epidemiologic report, 2022","volume":"24","author":"Izzoddeen\nA","year":"2024;"},{"key":"CIT0052","series-title":"Multi-country outbreak of mpox, external situation report #38","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2024"},{"issue":"(6):","key":"CIT0053","series-title":"J Infect Public Health","first-page":"901\u201310","article-title":"Mpox: risks and approaches to prevention","volume":"16","author":"Amer\nF","year":"2023;"},{"key":"CIT0054","series-title":"Front Public Health","first-page":"1254545","article-title":"Monkeypox as a potential emerging pandemic: a discussion on future risks and preparedness in Saudi Arabia","volume":"11","author":"Shoaib\nHM","year":"2023;"},{"key":"CIT0055","series-title":"New Microbes New Infect","first-page":"101466","article-title":"Global Mpox outbreak: are we prepared for emerging strains?","volume":"62","author":"Sah\nR","year":"2024;"},{"key":"CIT0056","series-title":"WHO prequalifies the first vaccine against mpox"},{"key":"CIT0057","series-title":"MVA-BN Vaccine"}],"container-title":["Qatar Medical Journal"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.qscience.com\/view\/journals\/qmj\/2025\/2\/article-52.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.qscience.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/qmj\/2025\/2\/article-52.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.qscience.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/qmj\/2025\/2\/article-52.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T17:17:28Z","timestamp":1777310248000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.qscience.com\/view\/journals\/qmj\/2025\/2\/article-52.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":114,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5339\/qmj.2025.52","relation":{},"ISSN":["2227-0426"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2227-0426","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}}}