{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T17:53:54Z","timestamp":1777312434819,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a persistent middle ear infection. The tubotympanic type, which is the predominant form, mainly causes conductive hearing loss (CHL), but may result in sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). This study aims to investigate the frequency and audiological profile of SNHL in patients with tubotympanic CSOM based on a single-center patient population.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at a tertiary otolaryngology and audiology unit, from September 2024 to January 2025. Sixty patients with unilateral tubotympanic CSOM were included, with the opposite ear serving as a control. Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained from all participants. Audiological assessments included pure-tone audiometry (PTA), tympanometry, and tuning fork tests. Patients with pre-existing SNHL, prior ear surgery, noise exposure, or other confounders were excluded. Data were analyzed using SPSS v. 28, applying non-parametric tests, with statistical significance set at P \u2264 0.05.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    A total of 60 patients were recruited. Twenty-five percent of patients had a disease duration of less than 5 years, 48.3% had a disease duration of 5 to 10 years, and 26.7% had a disease duration of more than 10 years. Presenting symptoms were hearing loss in 86.7%, otorrhea in 45.0%, tinnitus in 36.7%, and dizziness in 13.3%. Fifty-one patients (85%) showed CHL, while nine patients (15%) exhibited mixed hearing loss. SNHL was significantly associated with longer disease duration (P = 0.018) and larger tympanic membrane (TM) perforation (P = 0.036). Bone conduction thresholds were significantly elevated in the diseased ear (P &lt; 0.001), with higher frequencies affected more than speech frequencies.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Tubotympanic CSOM is significantly associated with the development of SNHL, particularly in patients with prolonged disease duration and larger TM perforations. Periodic audiological assessments, proper management, and early intervention are recommended to prevent cochlear damage and permanent hearing loss.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5339\/qmj.2025.96","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T05:30:23Z","timestamp":1764567023000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Characteristics of sensorineural hearing loss in tubotympanic chronic otitis media"],"prefix":"10.5339","volume":"2025","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6140-0744","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shaimaa Yashar","family":"Saadaldeen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Mustansiriyah, Baghdad, Iraq*Correspondance: Shaimaa Yashar Saadaldeen shaimaa@uomustansiriyah.edu.iq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed Radef","family":"Dawood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Mustansiriyah, Baghdad, Iraq*Correspondance: Shaimaa Yashar Saadaldeen shaimaa@uomustansiriyah.edu.iq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdulhussein Kareem","family":"Jwery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Mustansiriyah, Baghdad, Iraq*Correspondance: Shaimaa Yashar Saadaldeen shaimaa@uomustansiriyah.edu.iq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3277","reference":[{"issue":"(1):","key":"B1","series-title":"Indian J Otol","first-page":"16\u20139","article-title":"Otoscopic, radiological, and audiological status of the contralateral ears in patients with unilateral chronic suppurative otitis media","volume":"24","author":"Dawood\n \nMR","year":"2018"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"B2","series-title":"Med J Babylon","first-page":"686\u201390","article-title":"Bacteriological study and antibiotic susceptibility of some bacterial isolates among otitis media patients in Al-Muthanna Province, Iraq","volume":"21","author":"Hameed\n \nAK","year":"2024"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"B3","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e0003485","article-title":"Is chronic suppurative otitis media a neglected tropical disease?","volume":"9","author":"Li\n \nMG","year":"2015"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"B4","series-title":"Indian J Community Health","first-page":"106\u201310","article-title":"Clinico-epidemiological study of safe and unsafe chronic suppurative otitis media","volume":"34","author":"Khalique\n \nN","year":"2022"},{"issue":"(10):","key":"B5","series-title":"Laryngoscope","first-page":"2351\u20137","article-title":"Prevalence and associated factors of chronic suppurative otitis media: data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2009\u20132012","volume":"126","author":"Chung\n \nJ","year":"2016"},{"key":"B6","series-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol","first-page":"65\u201374","article-title":"Epidemiology of otitis media in children from developing countries: a systematic review","volume":"85","author":"DeAntonio\n \nR","year":"2016"},{"issue":"(5):","key":"B7","series-title":"Oman Med J","first-page":"358\u201365","article-title":"Prevalence of chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) and associated hearing impairment among school-aged children in Yemen","volume":"30","author":"Muftah\n \nS","year":"2015"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"B8","series-title":"Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci","first-page":"212\u201332","article-title":"Mapping of audiometric analysis with microbiological findings in patients with chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM): a neglected clinical manifestation","volume":"60","author":"Dhingra\n \nS","year":"2023"},{"issue":"(12):","key":"B9","series-title":"J Pak Med Assoc","first-page":"S32\u20134","article-title":"Various topical antifungal agents in otomycosis, which is the best?","volume":"71","author":"Jwery\n \nAK","year":"2021"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"B10","series-title":"Nagoya J Med Sci","first-page":"1\u20137","article-title":"Inner ear disturbances related to middle ear inflammation","volume":"79","author":"Sone\n \nM","year":"2017"},{"issue":"(1-2):","key":"B11","series-title":"Hear Res","first-page":"10\u201324","article-title":"Physiopathology of the cochlear microcirculation","volume":"282","author":"Shi\n \nX","year":"2011"},{"issue":"(2):","key":"B12","series-title":"Mustansiriya Med J","first-page":"184\u20138","article-title":"Tinnitus in COVID-19 patients: our experiences at an Eastern Indian Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital","volume":"21","author":"Swain\n \nSK","year":"2022"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"B13","series-title":"Mustansiriya Med J","first-page":"18\u201323","article-title":"The risk of hearing threshold estimation by click stimuli auditory brainstem response in children","volume":"14","author":"Al-Dujaily\n \nMM","year":"2015"},{"issue":"(2):","key":"B14","series-title":"Pak J Med Health Sci","first-page":"718\u201320","article-title":"Incidence of the incus erosion in chronic suppurative otitis media with cholesteatoma","volume":"11","author":"Iqbal\n \nJ","year":"2017"},{"issue":"(12):","key":"B15","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e0189997","article-title":"High-frequency conductive hearing loss as a diagnostic test for incomplete ossicular discontinuity in non-cholesteatomatous chronic suppurative otitis media","volume":"12","author":"Sarmento\n \nKMA\n, \nJr","year":"2017"},{"issue":"(109):","key":"B16","series-title":"Iran J Otorhinolaryngol","first-page":"79\u201384","article-title":"Cochlear dysfunction in chronic otitis media and its determinants","volume":"32","author":"Subramaniam\n \nV","year":"2020"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"B17","series-title":"Int J Surg Med","first-page":"11\u20136","article-title":"Sensorineural hearing loss in chronic suppurative otitis media - tubotympanic disease: a retrospective study","volume":"9","author":"George\n 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media","volume":"75","author":"Soni\n \nS","year":"2023"},{"issue":"(17):","key":"B22","series-title":"Iraqi New Med J","first-page":"40\u20134","article-title":"Sensorineural hearing loss in chronic suppurative otitis media","volume":"9","author":"Abdul-Aziz\n \nRS","year":"2023"},{"issue":"(Supp 1):","key":"B23","series-title":"Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg","first-page":"13\u20135","article-title":"Does mucosal chronic otitis media leads to sensorineural hearing loss","volume":"74","author":"Thakur\n \nCK","year":"2019"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"B24","series-title":"Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg","first-page":"3733\u20138","article-title":"Determinants of cochlear dysfunction in chronic otitis media: mucosal disease","volume":"75","author":"Philipose\n \nR","year":"2023"},{"issue":"(14):","key":"B25","series-title":"Ann Transl Med","first-page":"778","article-title":"Sensorineural damage in chronic suppurative otitis media with and without cholesteatoma: a comparative study","volume":"10","author":"Tang\n \nY","year":"2022"},{"issue":"(Suppl 2):","key":"B26","series-title":"Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg","first-page":"1580\u20135","article-title":"Chronic otitis media and its correlation with unilateral sensorineural hearing loss in a tertiary care centre of North India","volume":"71","author":"Rana\n \nAK","year":"2019"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"B1","series-title":"Indian J Otol","first-page":"16\u20139","article-title":"Otoscopic, radiological, and audiological status of the contralateral ears in patients with unilateral chronic suppurative otitis media","volume":"24","author":"Dawood\n \nMR","year":"2018"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"B2","series-title":"Med J Babylon","first-page":"686\u201390","article-title":"Bacteriological study and antibiotic susceptibility of some bacterial isolates among otitis media patients in Al-Muthanna Province, Iraq","volume":"21","author":"Hameed\n \nAK","year":"2024"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"B3","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e0003485","article-title":"Is chronic suppurative otitis media a neglected tropical disease?","volume":"9","author":"Li\n \nMG","year":"2015"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"B4","series-title":"Indian J Community Health","first-page":"106\u201310","article-title":"Clinico-epidemiological study of safe and unsafe chronic suppurative otitis media","volume":"34","author":"Khalique\n \nN","year":"2022"},{"issue":"(10):","key":"B5","series-title":"Laryngoscope","first-page":"2351\u20137","article-title":"Prevalence and associated factors of chronic suppurative otitis media: data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2009\u20132012","volume":"126","author":"Chung\n \nJ","year":"2016"},{"key":"B6","series-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol","first-page":"65\u201374","article-title":"Epidemiology of otitis media in children from developing countries: a systematic review","volume":"85","author":"DeAntonio\n \nR","year":"2016"},{"issue":"(5):","key":"B7","series-title":"Oman Med J","first-page":"358\u201365","article-title":"Prevalence of chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) and associated hearing impairment among school-aged children in Yemen","volume":"30","author":"Muftah\n \nS","year":"2015"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"B8","series-title":"Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci","first-page":"212\u201332","article-title":"Mapping of audiometric analysis with microbiological findings in patients with chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM): a neglected clinical manifestation","volume":"60","author":"Dhingra\n \nS","year":"2023"},{"issue":"(12):","key":"B9","series-title":"J Pak Med Assoc","first-page":"S32\u20134","article-title":"Various topical antifungal agents in otomycosis, which is the best?","volume":"71","author":"Jwery\n \nAK","year":"2021"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"B10","series-title":"Nagoya J Med Sci","first-page":"1\u20137","article-title":"Inner ear disturbances related to middle ear inflammation","volume":"79","author":"Sone\n \nM","year":"2017"},{"issue":"(1-2):","key":"B11","series-title":"Hear Res","first-page":"10\u201324","article-title":"Physiopathology of the cochlear microcirculation","volume":"282","author":"Shi\n \nX","year":"2011"},{"issue":"(2):","key":"B12","series-title":"Mustansiriya Med J","first-page":"184\u20138","article-title":"Tinnitus in COVID-19 patients: our experiences at an Eastern Indian Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital","volume":"21","author":"Swain\n \nSK","year":"2022"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"B13","series-title":"Mustansiriya Med J","first-page":"18\u201323","article-title":"The risk of hearing threshold estimation by click stimuli auditory brainstem response in children","volume":"14","author":"Al-Dujaily\n \nMM","year":"2015"},{"issue":"(2):","key":"B14","series-title":"Pak J Med Health Sci","first-page":"718\u201320","article-title":"Incidence of the incus erosion in chronic suppurative otitis media with cholesteatoma","volume":"11","author":"Iqbal\n \nJ","year":"2017"},{"issue":"(12):","key":"B15","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e0189997","article-title":"High-frequency conductive hearing loss as a diagnostic test for incomplete ossicular discontinuity in non-cholesteatomatous chronic suppurative otitis media","volume":"12","author":"Sarmento\n \nKMA\n, \nJr","year":"2017"},{"issue":"(109):","key":"B16","series-title":"Iran J Otorhinolaryngol","first-page":"79\u201384","article-title":"Cochlear dysfunction in chronic otitis media and its determinants","volume":"32","author":"Subramaniam\n \nV","year":"2020"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"B17","series-title":"Int J Surg Med","first-page":"11\u20136","article-title":"Sensorineural hearing loss in chronic suppurative otitis media - tubotympanic disease: a retrospective study","volume":"9","author":"George\n \nA","year":"2024"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"B18","series-title":"Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol","first-page":"26\u201330","article-title":"Sensorineural hearing loss in tubotympanic variety of chronic suppurative otitis media","volume":"22","author":"Pramanik\n \nD","year":"2016"},{"issue":"(6):","key":"B19","series-title":"Int J Med Biomed Stud","first-page":"294\u20139","article-title":"Evaluation of sensorineural hearing loss in tubotympanic type of chronic suppurative otitis media","volume":"3","author":"Babu\n \nS","year":"2019"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"B20","series-title":"Am J Otolaryngol","first-page":"88\u201393","article-title":"Risk factors of sensorineural hearing loss in patients with unilateral safe chronic suppurative otitis media","volume":"2018","author":"Singer\n \nAEA"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"B21","series-title":"Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg","first-page":"2149\u201354","article-title":"Sensorineural hearing loss in unilateral mucosal type of chronic otitis media","volume":"75","author":"Soni\n \nS","year":"2023"},{"issue":"(17):","key":"B22","series-title":"Iraqi New Med J","first-page":"40\u20134","article-title":"Sensorineural hearing loss in chronic suppurative otitis media","volume":"9","author":"Abdul-Aziz\n \nRS","year":"2023"},{"issue":"(Supp 1):","key":"B23","series-title":"Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg","first-page":"13\u20135","article-title":"Does mucosal chronic otitis media leads to sensorineural hearing loss","volume":"74","author":"Thakur\n \nCK","year":"2019"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"B24","series-title":"Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg","first-page":"3733\u20138","article-title":"Determinants of cochlear dysfunction in chronic otitis media: mucosal disease","volume":"75","author":"Philipose\n \nR","year":"2023"},{"issue":"(14):","key":"B25","series-title":"Ann Transl Med","first-page":"778","article-title":"Sensorineural damage in chronic suppurative otitis media with and without cholesteatoma: a comparative study","volume":"10","author":"Tang\n \nY","year":"2022"},{"issue":"(Suppl 2):","key":"B26","series-title":"Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg","first-page":"1580\u20135","article-title":"Chronic otitis media and its correlation with unilateral sensorineural hearing loss in a tertiary care centre of North India","volume":"71","author":"Rana\n \nAK","year":"2019"}],"container-title":["Qatar Medical 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