{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T17:53:34Z","timestamp":1777312414516,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:bold>\n Hearing loss (HL) affects approximately 3 in every 1,000 infants worldwide. However, current Early Hearing Detection and Intervention (EHDI) guidelines may not fully account for region-specific neonatal risk factors. In the Middle East, conditions such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), pre-eclampsia, and consanguinity are highly prevalent but remain underexplored in HL research. This study investigates the association between these and other neonatal risk factors and HL outcomes in newborns in Qatar.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n A retrospective cross-sectional review of electronic health records was conducted for 5,098 neonates born between March 2019 and March 2022 at a tertiary hospital in Qatar. After exclusions, 4,126 neonates were analyzed. Maternal and neonatal risk factors, along with newborn hearing screening outcomes, were assessed using Fisher\u2019s exact test, Chi-square test, and logistic regression analysis.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Results:<\/jats:bold>\n Overall, 6% of neonates failed the hearing screening (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 248). The most common risk factors were GDM (34.5%), hyperbilirubinemia (21.0%), and gentamicin exposure (9.6%). However, GDM showed no significant association with failed screening. The strongest association was found with Down syndrome (odds ratio [OR] = 14.215; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.286\u201347.151;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001), followed by cleft lip\/palate (OR = 4.371; 95% CI: 1.384\u201313.801;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.012), and high-risk categorization (OR = 1.973; 95% CI: 1.266\u20133.076;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.003).\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n Contrary to expectations, GDM and hyperbilirubinemia were not associated with an increased risk of HL. In contrast, Down syndrome and cleft lip\/palate showed significant associations with HL risk. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating regionally relevant risk factors\u2014such as genetic syndromes and craniofacial anomalies\u2014into local Early Hearing Detection and Intervention (EHDI) frameworks. Contextualizing hearing screening within the Gulf region may enhance early detection and optimize care pathways.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5339\/qmj.2025.99","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T09:30:28Z","timestamp":1764581428000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Risk factors associated with hearing loss in neonates: A retrospective cross-sectional study from Qatar"],"prefix":"10.5339","volume":"2025","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0546-3464","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jarreth No\u00ebl","family":"Andreas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology and Audiology, Sidra Medicine, Ar Rayyan, Doha, Qatar"},{"name":"School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0511-4096","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Woldekidan Kifle","family":"Amde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3267-8484","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rifqah Abeeda","family":"Roomaney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Burden of Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Francie van Zijl Drive, Parow Valley, Cape Town, South Africa*Correspondance: Jarreth No\u00ebl Andreas jandreas@sidra.org"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3277","reference":[{"key":"B1","series-title":"Cairo","article-title":"Consultation on the world report on hearing: Implications for the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2021"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"B2","series-title":"Med Glas (Zenica)","first-page":"29\u201336","article-title":"Identification of risk factors for hearing impairment in newborns: A hospital-based study","volume":"15","author":"Hrn\u010di\u0107\n \nN","year":"2018"},{"issue":"(5):","key":"B3","series-title":"Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp","first-page":"382\u201390","article-title":"Risk factors for sensorineural hearing loss in children","volume":"63","author":"N\u00fa\u00f1ez-Batalla\n \nF","year":"2012"},{"key":"B4","series-title":"Pediatr Clin North Am","first-page":"221\u201334","article-title":"Congenital sensorineural hearing loss","volume":"69","author":"Shave\n \nS","year":"2022"},{"key":"B5","series-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol","first-page":"181\u20136","article-title":"Sensorineural and conductive hearing loss in infants diagnosed in the program of universal newborn hearing screening","volume":"105","author":"Wroblewska-Seniuk\n \nK","year":"2018"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"B6","series-title":"Pediatrics","first-page":"898\u2013921","article-title":"Joint Committee on Infant Hearing. Year 2007 position statement: Principles and guidelines for early hearing detection and intervention programs","volume":"120","author":"American Academy of Pediatrics","year":"2007"},{"key":"B7","series-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol","first-page":"100\u20134","article-title":"Analysis of risk factors associated with unilateral hearing loss in children who initially passed newborn hearing screening","volume":"106","author":"Appelbaum\n \nEN","year":"2018"},{"issue":"(2):","key":"B8","series-title":"Qatar Med J","first-page":"42\u201350","article-title":"Universal neonatal hearing screening: Six years of experience in Qatar","volume":"2012","author":"Hadi\n \nAK","year":"2012"},{"issue":"(6):","key":"B9","series-title":"Ann Saudi Med","first-page":"456\u201361","article-title":"The association between consanguineous marriage and offspring with congenital hearing loss","volume":"40","author":"Almazroua\n \nAM","year":"2020"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"B10","series-title":"Int J 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\nJ.H.","year":"2021"},{"issue":"(Suppl 1):","key":"B30","series-title":"Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery","first-page":"541\u2013544","article-title":"Prevalence of hearing impairment in neonates of mothers with diabetes mellitus: a cross sectional study","volume":"74","author":"Padmadasan\n, \nS.","year":"2022"},{"issue":"(9):","key":"B31","series-title":"Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology","first-page":"985-995","article-title":"Effect of preeclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus on neonatal distortion product otoacoustic emissions: a tertiary care center study","volume":"132","author":"Samanth\n, \nR.","year":"2023"},{"issue":"(Suppl 1):","key":"B32","series-title":"Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery","first-page":"620\u2013627","article-title":"The effect of gestational diabetes mellitus on hearing of neonates in a tertiary healthcare Centre","volume":"75","author":"Sharma\n, \nK.","year":"2023"},{"issue":"(6):","key":"B33","series-title":"Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp","first-page":"326\u201331","article-title":"The relationship between neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and sensorineural hearing loss","volume":"66","author":"Corujo-Santana\n \nC","year":"2015"},{"issue":"(6):","key":"B34","series-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol","first-page":"898\u2013905","article-title":"Auditory risk of hyperbilirubinemia in term newborns: A systematic review","volume":"77","author":"Akinpelu\n \nOV","year":"2013"},{"issue":"(8):","key":"B35","series-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol","first-page":"1294\u20138","article-title":"Gentamicin extended interval regimen and ototoxicity in neonates","volume":"79","author":"El-barbary\n \nMN","year":"2015"},{"issue":"(7):","key":"B36","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e0158806","article-title":"Gentamicin exposure and sensorineural hearing loss in preterm infants","volume":"11","author":"Fuchs\n 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\nK","year":"2018"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"B6","series-title":"Pediatrics","first-page":"898\u2013921","article-title":"Joint Committee on Infant Hearing. 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Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol","first-page":"327\u201333","article-title":"Is there any association between consanguinity and hearing loss","volume":"69","author":"Bener\n \nA","year":"2005"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"B11","series-title":"J Marriage Fam","first-page":"587\u2013603","article-title":"Modern traditionalism: Consanguineous marriage in Qatar","volume":"76","author":"Harkness\n \nG","year":"2014"},{"issue":"(2):","key":"B12","series-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol","first-page":"87\u201392","article-title":"Effect of gestational diabetes mellitus on newborn hearing: A systematic review","volume":"134","author":"Aggarwal\n \nK","year":"2024"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"B13","series-title":"Semin Fetal Neonatal Med","first-page":"58\u201363","article-title":"Societal impact of bilirubin-induced hearing impairment in resource-limited nations","volume":"20","author":"Olusanya\n \nBO","year":"2015"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"B14","series-title":"Autopsy Case 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\nK.","year":"2023"},{"issue":"(6):","key":"B33","series-title":"Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp","first-page":"326\u201331","article-title":"The relationship between neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and sensorineural hearing loss","volume":"66","author":"Corujo-Santana\n \nC","year":"2015"},{"issue":"(6):","key":"B34","series-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol","first-page":"898\u2013905","article-title":"Auditory risk of hyperbilirubinemia in term newborns: A systematic review","volume":"77","author":"Akinpelu\n \nOV","year":"2013"},{"issue":"(8):","key":"B35","series-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol","first-page":"1294\u20138","article-title":"Gentamicin extended interval regimen and ototoxicity in neonates","volume":"79","author":"El-barbary\n \nMN","year":"2015"},{"issue":"(7):","key":"B36","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e0158806","article-title":"Gentamicin exposure and sensorineural hearing loss in preterm infants","volume":"11","author":"Fuchs\n 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