{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T10:59:28Z","timestamp":1781175568805,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Abdominoplasty, although classified as a clean elective procedure, carries a meaningful risk of surgical site infection (SSI), with reported SSI rates varying depending on patient factors and procedural complexity.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold>\n                    To describe SSI incidence and associated risk factors after abdominoplasty at a Qatari tertiary facility, and to assess compliance with prophylaxis practices, antibiotic consumption, and costs.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Retrospective cohort of all abdominoplasties at The Cuban Hospital, from January 1, 2022, to July 31, 2025 (N = 323). Data included demographics, comorbidities, perioperative glucose monitoring, procedure characteristics, and antibiotic use (prophylactic and therapeutic). The cohort comprised both simple abdominoplasties and combined procedures performed with additional interventions such as liposuction or hernia repair. SSI rates were analyzed using relative risk, 95% confidence intervals, and statistical tests with significance at P &lt; 0.05.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    A total of 323 patients underwent abdominoplasty with a mean age of 40.5 years (SD, 9.8; range, 19\u201363 years). The majority were female (276 patients, 85.4%), and 13.9% (45 patients) had a history of diabetes mellitus. Overall SSI incidence was 5.3% (17\/323), highest in 2025 (8\/112; 7.1%). Combined abdominoplasty had a higher SSI rate than simple procedures (10.4% [5\/48] vs. 4.4% [12\/275]; RR, 2.36 [95% CI, 0.88\u20136.35]). SSI was more frequent with diabetes (11.1% [5\/45] vs. 4.3% [12\/278]), overweight\/obesity (7.3% [12\/151]\/4.3% [5\/112] vs. 0% [0\/42]), and higher postoperative glucose (mean: 7.97, standard deviation: 1.99; P = 0.04). Adherence to antibiotic prophylaxis was high for timing\/selection\/dose, but discontinuation beyond 24 hours and 7-day discharge prescriptions were common. Antibiotic consumption and costs were higher in SSI cases (355.9 vs. 280.5 DDD\/100; 2807.6 vs. 2180 QR\/100; P = 0.45; P = 0.72).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n                    SSI incidence after abdominoplasty was modest but increased with combined procedures and poorer postoperative glycemic control. Strengthening perioperative glucose protocols and enforcing 24-hour prophylaxis limits may reduce SSI and unnecessary antimicrobial use and costs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5339\/qmj.2026.29","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T10:24:10Z","timestamp":1781173450000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Risk factors and outcomes of surgical site infection after abdominoplasty: A retrospective study from Qatar"],"prefix":"10.5339","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7279-0062","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Humberto Guanche","family":"Garcell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection Control Department, The Cuban Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8165-5958","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yamile Leon","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Department, The Cuban Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4740-4024","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Orlando Rafael Exposito","family":"Reyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Department, The Cuban Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8977-2950","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Georkis Martinez","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Department, The Cuban Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6303-1029","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yulexi Hechavarria","family":"Jimenez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Department, The Cuban Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7678-7203","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yudileidy Creagh","family":"Coureaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Department, The Cuban Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2239-3936","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Evelin Noriega","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection Control Department, The Cuban Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9105-8628","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Osiris I. Escobar","family":"More","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing Department, The Cuban Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7323-0332","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ivis Lisset Leon","family":"Gutierrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing Department, The Cuban Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5407-1708","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yuliet Castillo","family":"Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing Department, The Cuban Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1217-1563","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tania M. Fernandez","family":"Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quality and Patient Safety Department, The Cuban Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1230-3135","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Francisco Gutierrez","family":"Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Nephrology, La Habana, Cuba*Correspondance: Humberto Guanche Garcell humbertoguanchegarcell@yahoo.es"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3277","reference":[{"issue":"(2):","key":"B1","series-title":"J Surg Res","first-page":"393\u20137","article-title":"Surgical site infections in plastic surgery: an Italian multicenter study","volume":"143","author":"Drapeau\n \nCM","year":"2007","unstructured":"Drapeau\n \nCM\n\n, \n\nD\u2019Aniello\n \nC\n\n, \n\nBrafa\n \nA\n\n, \n\nNicastri\n \nE\n\n, \n\nSilvestri\n \nA\n\n, \n\nNisi\n \nG\n\n, \n\n; \nItalian Group on Surgical Infections in Plastic Surgery\n\n. \nSurgical site infections in plastic surgery: an Italian multicenter study\n. \nJ Surg Res\n. \n2007\n;\n143\n(2):\n393\u20137\n. \n\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jss.2007.01.040"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"B2","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"847\u201353","article-title":"Abdominoplasty in the overweight and obese population: outcomes and patient satisfaction","volume":"144","author":"Hammond\n \nDC","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hammond\n \nDC\n\n, \n\nChandler\n \nAR\n\n, \n\nBaca\n \nME\n\n, \n\nLi\n \nYK\n\n, \n\nLynn\n \nJV\n\n\n. \nAbdominoplasty in the overweight and obese population: outcomes and patient satisfaction\n. \nPlast Reconstr Surg\n. \n2019\n;\n144\n(4):\n847\u201353\n. \n\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PRS.0000000000006018"},{"issue":"(2):","key":"B3","series-title":"Can J Surg","first-page":"111\u20137","article-title":"Surgical site infection following abdominal surgery: a prospective cohort study","volume":"62","author":"Alkaaki\n \nA","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alkaaki\n \nA\n\n, \n\nAl-Radi\n \nOO\n\n, \n\nKhoja\n \nA\n\n, \n\nAlnawawi\n \nA\n\n, \n\nAlnawawi\n \nA\n\n, \n\nMaghrabi\n \nA\n\n, \n\n\n. \nSurgical site infection following abdominal surgery: a prospective cohort study\n. \nCan J Surg\n. \n2019\n;\n62\n(2):\n111\u20137\n. \n\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1503\/cjs.004818"},{"issue":"(11):","key":"B4","series-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg","first-page":"1347\u201356","article-title":"Prevention of surgical site infection and appropriateness of antibiotic prescribing habits in plastic surgery","volume":"61","author":"Landes\n \nG","year":"2008","unstructured":"Landes\n \nG\n\n, \n\nHarris\n \nPG\n\n, \n\nLemaine\n \nV\n\n, \n\nPerreault\n \nI\n\n, \n\nSampalis\n \nJS\n\n, \n\nBrutus\n \nJP\n\n, \n\n\n. \nPrevention of surgical site infection and appropriateness of antibiotic prescribing habits in plastic surgery\n. \nJ Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg\n. \n2008\n;\n61\n(11):\n1347\u201356\n. \n\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjps.2008.02.008"},{"issue":"(2):","key":"B5","series-title":"Plast Surg (Oakv)","first-page":"132\u20138","article-title":"Antibiotic prophylaxis in plastic surgery correlation between practice and evidence","volume":"29","author":"Mankowski\n \nP","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mankowski\n \nP\n\n, \n\nCherukupalli\n \nA\n\n, \n\nSlater\n \nK\n\n, \n\nCarr\n \nN\n\n\n. \nAntibiotic prophylaxis in plastic surgery correlation between practice and evidence\n. \nPlast Surg (Oakv)\n. \n2021\n;\n29\n(2):\n132\u20138\n. \n\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2292550321997005"},{"key":"B6","series-title":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology","article-title":"ATC\/DDD Index 2025","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2025","unstructured":"World Health Organization\n\n. \nWHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology\n. \nATC\/DDD Index 2025\n. \nOslo\n: \nWHO\n; \n2025\n. \nAvailable from: ATCDDD - WHO Collaborating Centre"},{"key":"B7","series-title":"Aesthet Surg J Open Forum","first-page":"ojaf102","article-title":"The hidden cost of free cosmetic surgery: lessons from Qatar\u2019s model","volume":"7","author":"Ahmed\n \nMB","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ahmed\n \nMB\n\n, \n\nAlsherawi\n \nA\n\n\n. \nThe hidden cost of free cosmetic surgery: lessons from Qatar\u2019s model\n. \nAesthet Surg J Open Forum\n. \n2025\n;\n7\nojaf102\n. \n\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/asjof\/ojaf102"},{"issue":"(5):","key":"B8","series-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol","first-page":"695\u2013720","article-title":"Strategies to prevent surgical site infections in acute-care hospitals: 2022 Update","volume":"44","author":"Calderwood\n \nMS","year":"2023","unstructured":"Calderwood\n \nMS\n\n, \n\nAnderson\n \nDJ\n\n, \n\nBratzler\n \nDW\n\n, \n\nDellinger\n \nEP\n\n, \n\nGarcia-Houchins\n \nS\n\n, \n\nMaragakis\n \nLL\n\n, \n\n\n. \nStrategies to prevent surgical site infections in acute-care hospitals: 2022 Update\n. \nInfect Control Hosp Epidemiol\n. \n2023\n;\n44\n(5):\n695\u2013720\n. \n\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/ice.2023.67"},{"key":"B9","article-title":"Policy 7262: Surveillance of healthcare-associated infection","author":"Hamad Medical Corporation","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hamad Medical Corporation\n\n. \nPolicy 7262: Surveillance of healthcare-associated infection\n. \nDoha, Qatar\n: \nHamad Medical Corporation\n; \n2025\n. \nAvailable from: https:\/\/www.hamad.qa\/en\/education-and-research\/medical_research\/policy-and-compliance\/pages\/policies.aspx\n[cited February 15, 2026]\n."},{"key":"B10","article-title":"National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) Patient Safety Component Manual","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2025","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)\n\n. \nNational Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) Patient Safety Component Manual\n. \nJanuary\n \n2025\n. \nAvailable from: NHSN Patient Safety Component Manual\n[cited December 2024]\n."},{"key":"B11","series-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg","first-page":"233\u201345","article-title":"Antibiotic prophylaxis in clean and clean-contaminated plastic surgery: a critical review","volume":"83","author":"Homsy\n \nP","year":"2023","unstructured":"Homsy\n \nP\n\n, \n\nRomo\n \nI\n\n, \n\nKauhanen\n \nS\n\n\n. \nAntibiotic prophylaxis in clean and clean-contaminated plastic surgery: a critical review\n. \nJ Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg\n. \n2023\n;\n83\n233\u201345\n. \n\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071"},{"issue":"(9):","key":"B12","series-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health","first-page":"3167","article-title":"Epidemiology of surgical site infections considering the NHSN standardized infection ratio in hip and knee arthroplasties","volume":"17","author":"S\u0142owik\n \nR","year":"2020","unstructured":"S\u0142owik\n \nR\n\n, \n\nKo\u0142pa\n \nM\n\n, \n\nWa\u0142aszek\n \nM\n\n, \n\nR\u00f3 a ska\n \nA\n\n, \n\nJagiencarz-Starzec\n \nB\n\n, \n\nZie czuk\n \nW\n\n, \n\n\n. \nEpidemiology of surgical site infections considering the NHSN standardized infection ratio in hip and knee arthroplasties\n. \nInt J Environ Res Public Health\n. \n2020\n;\n17\n(9):\n3167\n. \n\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17093167"},{"key":"B13","article-title":"Belt lipectomy","author":"Mayo\n \nJ","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mayo\n \nJ\n\n, \n\nCape\n \nJD\n\n\n. \nBelt lipectomy\n. \nStatPearls. Treasure Island\n, \nFL: StatPearls Publishing\n; \n2025\n \nJan\n. \nAvailable from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK470582\/"},{"issue":"(9):","key":"B14","series-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg","first-page":"3534\u201340","article-title":"Abdominal panniculectomy: identifying complications and potential risk factors","volume":"75","author":"Samuel\n \nAR","year":"2022","unstructured":"Samuel\n \nAR\n\n, \n\nHakami\n \nL\n\n, \n\nCampbell\n \nC\n\n, \n\nDeGeorge\n \nBR\n \nJr\n\n, \n\nBlack\n \nJ\n\n, \n\nStranix\n \nJT\n\n\n. \nAbdominal panniculectomy: identifying complications and potential risk factors\n. \nJ Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg\n. \n2022\n;\n75\n(9):\n3534\u201340\n. \n\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjps.2022.04.061"},{"issue":"(8):","key":"B15","series-title":"Obes Surg","first-page":"3660\u20136","article-title":"Panniculectomy Outcomes by body mass index: an analysis of 12,732 cases","volume":"31","author":"Cadwell\n \nJB","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cadwell\n \nJB\n\n, \n\nAhsanuddin\n \nS\n\n, \n\nAyyala\n \nHS\n\n, \n\nIgnatiuk\n \nA\n\n\n. \nPanniculectomy Outcomes by body mass index: an analysis of 12,732 cases\n. \nObes Surg\n. \n2021\n;\n31\n(8):\n3660\u20136\n. \n\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11695-021-05468-w"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"B16","series-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg","first-page":"167\u201374","article-title":"Safety of lipoabdominoplasty versus abdominoplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"Xia\n \nY","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xia\n \nY\n\n, \n\nZhao\n \nJ\n\n, \n\nCao\n \nDS\n\n\n. \nSafety of lipoabdominoplasty versus abdominoplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis\n. \nAesthetic Plast Surg\n. \n2019\n;\n43\n(1):\n167\u201374\n. \n\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00266-018-1270-3"},{"key":"B17","series-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg","first-page":"286\u201393","article-title":"Impact of obesity on the outcomes of panniculectomy and abdominoplasty: an ACS-NSQIP analysis","volume":"106","author":"Wang\n \nHP","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang\n \nHP\n\n, \n\nGaddis\n \nC\n\n, \n\nBayless\n \nM\n\n, \n\nHollman\n \nN\n\n, \n\nWilliams\n \nJ\n\n, \n\nAlamiri\n \nN\n\n, \n\n\n. \nImpact of obesity on the outcomes of panniculectomy and abdominoplasty: an ACS-NSQIP analysis\n. \nJ Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg\n. \n2025\n;\n106\n286\u201393\n. \n\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjps.2025.04.043"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"B18","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"462e\u201371e","article-title":"Abdominal panniculectomy: determining the impact of diabetes on complications and risk factors for adverse events","volume":"142","author":"Kantar\n \nRS","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kantar\n \nRS\n\n, \n\nRifkin\n \nWJ\n\n, \n\nWilson\n \nSC\n\n, \n\nDavid\n \nJA\n\n, \n\nDiaz-Siso\n \nJR\n\n, \n\nLevine\n \nJP\n\n, \n\n\n. \nAbdominal panniculectomy: determining the impact of diabetes on complications and risk factors for adverse events\n. \nPlast Reconstr Surg\n. \n2018\n;\n142\n(4):\n462e\u201371e\n. \n\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PRS.0000000000004732"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"B19","series-title":"Am Surg","first-page":"331\u20136","article-title":"Obesity and the risk for surgical site infection in abdominal surgery","volume":"82","author":"Winfield\n \nRD","year":"2016","unstructured":"Winfield\n \nRD\n\n, \n\nReese\n \nS\n\n, \n\nBochicchio\n \nK\n\n, \n\nMazuski\n \nJE\n\n, \n\nBochicchio\n \nGV\n\n\n. \nObesity and the risk for surgical site infection in abdominal surgery\n. \nAm Surg\n. \n2016\n;\n82\n(4):\n331\u20136\n. \n\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/000313481608200418"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"B20","series-title":"Surg Infect (Larchmt)","first-page":"357\u201362","article-title":"Surgical site infection: the scourge of abdominal wall reconstruction","volume":"22","author":"Whitehead-Clarke\n \nT","year":"2021","unstructured":"Whitehead-Clarke\n \nT\n\n, \n\nWindsor\n \nA\n\n\n. \nSurgical site infection: the scourge of abdominal wall reconstruction\n. \nSurg Infect (Larchmt)\n. \n2021\n;\n22\n(4):\n357\u201362\n. \n\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/sur.2020.325"},{"issue":"(10):","key":"B21","series-title":"Lancet Infect Dis","first-page":"1182\u201392","article-title":"Effect of postoperative continuation of antibiotic prophylaxis on the incidence of surgical site infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"de Jonge\n \nSW","year":"2020","unstructured":"de Jonge\n \nSW\n\n, \n\nBoldingh\n \nQJJ\n\n, \n\nSolomkin\n \nJS\n\n, \n\nDellinger\n \nEP\n\n, \n\nEgger\n \nM\n\n, \n\nSalanti\n \nG\n\n, \n\n\n. \nEffect of postoperative continuation of antibiotic prophylaxis on the incidence of surgical site infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis\n. \nLancet Infect Dis\n. \n2020\n;\n20\n(10):\n1182\u201392\n. \n\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30084-0"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"B22","series-title":"J Healthc Qual Res","first-page":"258\u201365","article-title":"A quality improvement intervention on surgical prophylaxis impact in antibiotic consumption and cost in selected surgical procedures","volume":"39","author":"Guanche Garcell\n \nH","year":"2024","unstructured":"Guanche Garcell\n \nH\n\n, \n\nArag\u00f3n Palmero\n \nFJ\n\n, \n\nMarquez Reyna\n \nDA\n\n, \n\nSeoane Perez\n \nN\n\n, \n\nDesdin Rodriguez\n \nRM\n\n, \n\nExposito Reyes\n \nOR\n\n, \n\n\n. \nA quality improvement intervention on surgical prophylaxis impact in antibiotic consumption and cost in selected surgical procedures\n. \nJ Healthc Qual Res\n. \n2024\n;\n39\n(4):\n258\u201365\n. \n\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhqr.2024.03.003"},{"issue":"(6):","key":"B23","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"1154e\u201382e","article-title":"Evidence-based medicine: systemic perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis for prevention of surgical-site infections in plastic and reconstructive surgery","volume":"152","author":"Klifto\n \nKM","year":"2023","unstructured":"Klifto\n \nKM\n\n, \n\nRydz\n \nAC\n\n, \n\nBiswas\n \nS\n\n, \n\nHultman\n \nCS\n\n, \n\nErdmann\n \nD\n\n, \n\nPhillips\n \nBT\n\n\n. \nEvidence-based medicine: systemic perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis for prevention of surgical-site infections in plastic and reconstructive surgery\n. \nPlast Reconstr Surg\n. \n2023\n;\n152\n(6):\n1154e\u201382e\n. \n\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PRS.0000000000010608"},{"issue":"(2):","key":"B1","series-title":"J Surg Res","first-page":"393\u20137","article-title":"Surgical site infections in plastic surgery: an Italian multicenter study","volume":"143","author":"Drapeau\n \nCM","year":"2007","unstructured":"Drapeau\n \nCM\n\n, \n\nD\u2019Aniello\n \nC\n\n, \n\nBrafa\n \nA\n\n, \n\nNicastri\n \nE\n\n, \n\nSilvestri\n \nA\n\n, \n\nNisi\n \nG\n\n, \n\n; \nItalian Group on Surgical Infections in Plastic Surgery\n\n. \nSurgical site infections in plastic surgery: an Italian multicenter study\n. \nJ Surg Res\n. \n2007\n;\n143\n(2):\n393\u20137\n. \n\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jss.2007.01.040"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"B2","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"847\u201353","article-title":"Abdominoplasty in the overweight and obese population: outcomes and patient satisfaction","volume":"144","author":"Hammond\n \nDC","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hammond\n \nDC\n\n, \n\nChandler\n \nAR\n\n, \n\nBaca\n \nME\n\n, \n\nLi\n \nYK\n\n, \n\nLynn\n \nJV\n\n\n. \nAbdominoplasty in the overweight and obese population: outcomes and patient satisfaction\n. \nPlast Reconstr Surg\n. \n2019\n;\n144\n(4):\n847\u201353\n. \n\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PRS.0000000000006018"},{"issue":"(2):","key":"B3","series-title":"Can J Surg","first-page":"111\u20137","article-title":"Surgical site infection following abdominal surgery: a prospective cohort study","volume":"62","author":"Alkaaki\n \nA","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alkaaki\n \nA\n\n, \n\nAl-Radi\n \nOO\n\n, \n\nKhoja\n \nA\n\n, \n\nAlnawawi\n \nA\n\n, \n\nAlnawawi\n \nA\n\n, \n\nMaghrabi\n \nA\n\n, \n\n\n. \nSurgical site infection following abdominal surgery: a prospective cohort study\n. \nCan J Surg\n. \n2019\n;\n62\n(2):\n111\u20137\n. \n\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1503\/cjs.004818"},{"issue":"(11):","key":"B4","series-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg","first-page":"1347\u201356","article-title":"Prevention of surgical site infection and appropriateness of antibiotic prescribing habits in plastic surgery","volume":"61","author":"Landes\n \nG","year":"2008","unstructured":"Landes\n \nG\n\n, \n\nHarris\n \nPG\n\n, \n\nLemaine\n \nV\n\n, \n\nPerreault\n \nI\n\n, \n\nSampalis\n \nJS\n\n, \n\nBrutus\n \nJP\n\n, \n\n\n. \nPrevention of surgical site infection and appropriateness of antibiotic prescribing habits in plastic surgery\n. \nJ Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg\n. \n2008\n;\n61\n(11):\n1347\u201356\n. \n\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjps.2008.02.008"},{"issue":"(2):","key":"B5","series-title":"Plast Surg (Oakv)","first-page":"132\u20138","article-title":"Antibiotic prophylaxis in plastic surgery correlation between practice and evidence","volume":"29","author":"Mankowski\n \nP","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mankowski\n \nP\n\n, \n\nCherukupalli\n \nA\n\n, \n\nSlater\n \nK\n\n, \n\nCarr\n \nN\n\n\n. \nAntibiotic prophylaxis in plastic surgery correlation between practice and evidence\n. \nPlast Surg (Oakv)\n. \n2021\n;\n29\n(2):\n132\u20138\n. \n\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2292550321997005"},{"key":"B6","series-title":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology","article-title":"ATC\/DDD Index 2025","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2025","unstructured":"World Health Organization\n\n. \nWHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology\n. \nATC\/DDD Index 2025\n. \nOslo\n: \nWHO\n; \n2025\n. \nAvailable from: ATCDDD - WHO Collaborating Centre"},{"key":"B7","series-title":"Aesthet Surg J Open Forum","first-page":"ojaf102","article-title":"The hidden cost of free cosmetic surgery: lessons from Qatar\u2019s model","volume":"7","author":"Ahmed\n \nMB","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ahmed\n \nMB\n\n, \n\nAlsherawi\n \nA\n\n\n. \nThe hidden cost of free cosmetic surgery: lessons from Qatar\u2019s model\n. \nAesthet Surg J Open Forum\n. \n2025\n;\n7\nojaf102\n. \n\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/asjof\/ojaf102"},{"issue":"(5):","key":"B8","series-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol","first-page":"695\u2013720","article-title":"Strategies to prevent surgical site infections in acute-care hospitals: 2022 Update","volume":"44","author":"Calderwood\n \nMS","year":"2023","unstructured":"Calderwood\n \nMS\n\n, \n\nAnderson\n \nDJ\n\n, \n\nBratzler\n \nDW\n\n, \n\nDellinger\n \nEP\n\n, \n\nGarcia-Houchins\n \nS\n\n, \n\nMaragakis\n \nLL\n\n, \n\n\n. \nStrategies to prevent surgical site infections in acute-care hospitals: 2022 Update\n. \nInfect Control Hosp Epidemiol\n. \n2023\n;\n44\n(5):\n695\u2013720\n. \n\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/ice.2023.67"},{"key":"B9","article-title":"Policy 7262: Surveillance of healthcare-associated infection","author":"Hamad Medical Corporation","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hamad Medical Corporation\n\n. \nPolicy 7262: Surveillance of healthcare-associated infection\n. \nDoha, Qatar\n: \nHamad Medical Corporation\n; \n2025\n. \nAvailable from: https:\/\/www.hamad.qa\/en\/education-and-research\/medical_research\/policy-and-compliance\/pages\/policies.aspx\n[cited February 15, 2026]\n."},{"key":"B10","article-title":"National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) Patient Safety Component Manual","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2025","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)\n\n. \nNational Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) Patient Safety Component Manual\n. \nJanuary\n \n2025\n. \nAvailable from: NHSN Patient Safety Component Manual\n[cited December 2024]\n."},{"key":"B11","series-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg","first-page":"233\u201345","article-title":"Antibiotic prophylaxis in clean and clean-contaminated plastic surgery: a critical review","volume":"83","author":"Homsy\n \nP","year":"2023","unstructured":"Homsy\n \nP\n\n, \n\nRomo\n \nI\n\n, \n\nKauhanen\n \nS\n\n\n. \nAntibiotic prophylaxis in clean and clean-contaminated plastic surgery: a critical review\n. \nJ Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg\n. \n2023\n;\n83\n233\u201345\n. \n\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071"},{"issue":"(9):","key":"B12","series-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health","first-page":"3167","article-title":"Epidemiology of surgical site infections considering the NHSN standardized infection ratio in hip and knee arthroplasties","volume":"17","author":"S\u0142owik\n \nR","year":"2020","unstructured":"S\u0142owik\n \nR\n\n, \n\nKo\u0142pa\n \nM\n\n, \n\nWa\u0142aszek\n \nM\n\n, \n\nR\u00f3 a ska\n \nA\n\n, \n\nJagiencarz-Starzec\n \nB\n\n, \n\nZie czuk\n \nW\n\n, \n\n\n. \nEpidemiology of surgical site infections considering the NHSN standardized infection ratio in hip and knee arthroplasties\n. \nInt J Environ Res Public Health\n. \n2020\n;\n17\n(9):\n3167\n. \n\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17093167"},{"key":"B13","article-title":"Belt lipectomy","author":"Mayo\n \nJ","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mayo\n \nJ\n\n, \n\nCape\n \nJD\n\n\n. \nBelt lipectomy\n. \nStatPearls. Treasure Island\n, \nFL: StatPearls Publishing\n; \n2025\n \nJan\n. \nAvailable from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK470582\/"},{"issue":"(9):","key":"B14","series-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg","first-page":"3534\u201340","article-title":"Abdominal panniculectomy: identifying complications and potential risk factors","volume":"75","author":"Samuel\n \nAR","year":"2022","unstructured":"Samuel\n \nAR\n\n, \n\nHakami\n \nL\n\n, \n\nCampbell\n \nC\n\n, \n\nDeGeorge\n \nBR\n \nJr\n\n, \n\nBlack\n \nJ\n\n, \n\nStranix\n \nJT\n\n\n. \nAbdominal panniculectomy: identifying complications and potential risk factors\n. \nJ Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg\n. \n2022\n;\n75\n(9):\n3534\u201340\n. \n\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjps.2022.04.061"},{"issue":"(8):","key":"B15","series-title":"Obes Surg","first-page":"3660\u20136","article-title":"Panniculectomy Outcomes by body mass index: an analysis of 12,732 cases","volume":"31","author":"Cadwell\n \nJB","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cadwell\n \nJB\n\n, \n\nAhsanuddin\n \nS\n\n, \n\nAyyala\n \nHS\n\n, \n\nIgnatiuk\n \nA\n\n\n. \nPanniculectomy Outcomes by body mass index: an analysis of 12,732 cases\n. \nObes Surg\n. \n2021\n;\n31\n(8):\n3660\u20136\n. \n\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11695-021-05468-w"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"B16","series-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg","first-page":"167\u201374","article-title":"Safety of lipoabdominoplasty versus abdominoplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"Xia\n \nY","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xia\n \nY\n\n, \n\nZhao\n \nJ\n\n, \n\nCao\n \nDS\n\n\n. \nSafety of lipoabdominoplasty versus abdominoplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis\n. \nAesthetic Plast Surg\n. \n2019\n;\n43\n(1):\n167\u201374\n. \n\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00266-018-1270-3"},{"key":"B17","series-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg","first-page":"286\u201393","article-title":"Impact of obesity on the outcomes of panniculectomy and abdominoplasty: an ACS-NSQIP analysis","volume":"106","author":"Wang\n \nHP","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang\n \nHP\n\n, \n\nGaddis\n \nC\n\n, \n\nBayless\n \nM\n\n, \n\nHollman\n \nN\n\n, \n\nWilliams\n \nJ\n\n, \n\nAlamiri\n \nN\n\n, \n\n\n. \nImpact of obesity on the outcomes of panniculectomy and abdominoplasty: an ACS-NSQIP analysis\n. \nJ Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg\n. \n2025\n;\n106\n286\u201393\n. \n\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjps.2025.04.043"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"B18","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"462e\u201371e","article-title":"Abdominal panniculectomy: determining the impact of diabetes on complications and risk factors for adverse events","volume":"142","author":"Kantar\n \nRS","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kantar\n \nRS\n\n, \n\nRifkin\n \nWJ\n\n, \n\nWilson\n \nSC\n\n, \n\nDavid\n \nJA\n\n, \n\nDiaz-Siso\n \nJR\n\n, \n\nLevine\n \nJP\n\n, \n\n\n. \nAbdominal panniculectomy: determining the impact of diabetes on complications and risk factors for adverse events\n. \nPlast Reconstr Surg\n. \n2018\n;\n142\n(4):\n462e\u201371e\n. \n\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PRS.0000000000004732"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"B19","series-title":"Am Surg","first-page":"331\u20136","article-title":"Obesity and the risk for surgical site infection in abdominal surgery","volume":"82","author":"Winfield\n \nRD","year":"2016","unstructured":"Winfield\n \nRD\n\n, \n\nReese\n \nS\n\n, \n\nBochicchio\n \nK\n\n, \n\nMazuski\n \nJE\n\n, \n\nBochicchio\n \nGV\n\n\n. \nObesity and the risk for surgical site infection in abdominal surgery\n. \nAm Surg\n. \n2016\n;\n82\n(4):\n331\u20136\n. \n\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/000313481608200418"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"B20","series-title":"Surg Infect (Larchmt)","first-page":"357\u201362","article-title":"Surgical site infection: the scourge of abdominal wall reconstruction","volume":"22","author":"Whitehead-Clarke\n \nT","year":"2021","unstructured":"Whitehead-Clarke\n \nT\n\n, \n\nWindsor\n \nA\n\n\n. \nSurgical site infection: the scourge of abdominal wall reconstruction\n. \nSurg Infect (Larchmt)\n. \n2021\n;\n22\n(4):\n357\u201362\n. \n\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/sur.2020.325"},{"issue":"(10):","key":"B21","series-title":"Lancet Infect Dis","first-page":"1182\u201392","article-title":"Effect of postoperative continuation of antibiotic prophylaxis on the incidence of surgical site infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"de Jonge\n \nSW","year":"2020","unstructured":"de Jonge\n \nSW\n\n, \n\nBoldingh\n \nQJJ\n\n, \n\nSolomkin\n \nJS\n\n, \n\nDellinger\n \nEP\n\n, \n\nEgger\n \nM\n\n, \n\nSalanti\n \nG\n\n, \n\n\n. \nEffect of postoperative continuation of antibiotic prophylaxis on the incidence of surgical site infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis\n. \nLancet Infect Dis\n. \n2020\n;\n20\n(10):\n1182\u201392\n. \n\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30084-0"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"B22","series-title":"J Healthc Qual Res","first-page":"258\u201365","article-title":"A quality improvement intervention on surgical prophylaxis impact in antibiotic consumption and cost in selected surgical procedures","volume":"39","author":"Guanche Garcell\n \nH","year":"2024","unstructured":"Guanche Garcell\n \nH\n\n, \n\nArag\u00f3n Palmero\n \nFJ\n\n, \n\nMarquez Reyna\n \nDA\n\n, \n\nSeoane Perez\n \nN\n\n, \n\nDesdin Rodriguez\n \nRM\n\n, \n\nExposito Reyes\n \nOR\n\n, \n\n\n. \nA quality improvement intervention on surgical prophylaxis impact in antibiotic consumption and cost in selected surgical procedures\n. \nJ Healthc Qual Res\n. \n2024\n;\n39\n(4):\n258\u201365\n. \n\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhqr.2024.03.003"},{"issue":"(6):","key":"B23","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"1154e\u201382e","article-title":"Evidence-based medicine: systemic perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis for prevention of surgical-site infections in plastic and reconstructive surgery","volume":"152","author":"Klifto\n \nKM","year":"2023","unstructured":"Klifto\n \nKM\n\n, \n\nRydz\n \nAC\n\n, \n\nBiswas\n \nS\n\n, \n\nHultman\n \nCS\n\n, \n\nErdmann\n \nD\n\n, \n\nPhillips\n \nBT\n\n\n. \nEvidence-based medicine: systemic perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis for prevention of surgical-site infections in plastic and reconstructive surgery\n. \nPlast Reconstr Surg\n. \n2023\n;\n152\n(6):\n1154e\u201382e\n. \n\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PRS.0000000000010608"}],"container-title":["Qatar Medical Journal"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.qscience.com\/view\/journals\/qmj\/2026\/2\/article-29.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.qscience.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/qmj\/2026\/2\/article-29.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.qscience.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/qmj\/2026\/2\/article-29.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T10:24:10Z","timestamp":1781173450000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.qscience.com\/view\/journals\/qmj\/2026\/2\/article-29.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5339\/qmj.2026.29","relation":{},"ISSN":["2227-0426"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2227-0426","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}