{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T02:08:34Z","timestamp":1762999714298},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"World Health Organization, Western Pacific Regional Office","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["WPSAR"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: Bacterial co-infections in cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can lead to less favourable outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of primary bacterial co-infections among patients with COVID-19 in Brunei Darussalam.  Methods: Seventy-one of 180 patients admitted to the National Isolation Centre between 9 March 2020 and 4 February 2021 were screened for primary bacterial co-infection (infection occurring &lt;48 h from admission). We compared patients with a primary bacterial co-infection to those without.  Results: Of the 71 screened patients, 8 (11.2%) had a primary bacterial co-infection (sputum 37.5% [6\/16], blood 2.8% [1\/36], urine 1.7% [1\/60]), for a period prevalence rate of 4.4% (respiratory tract infection 3.3% [6\/180], bloodstream 0.6% [1\/180], urine 0.6% [1\/180]) among all COVID-19 patients. Older age, presence of comorbidity, symptoms at admission (fever, dyspnoea, nausea\/vomiting), abnormal chest X-ray (CXR) and more severe COVID-19 (P &lt; 0.05) were associated with primary bacterial co-infection. Primary bacterial co-infection was also associated with development of secondary infection and death (all P &lt; 0.05). Only one patient with primary bacterial co-infection died (methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus septicaemia and multiorgan failure).  Conclusions: Our study showed that primary bacterial co-infection affected 4.4% of patients with COVID-19 in Brunei Darussalam. Older age, presence of comorbidity, symptoms and abnormal CXR at admission and more severe disease were associated with a primary bacterial co-infection. Lower respiratory tract infection was the most common co-infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5365\/wpsar.2021.12.3.856","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,29]],"date-time":"2021-10-29T04:10:30Z","timestamp":1635480630000},"page":"65-70","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Prevalence of primary bacterial co-infections among patients with COVID-19 in Brunei Darussalam"],"prefix":"10.5365","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Aieman","family":"Bashir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Syafiq","family":"Abdullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalie Raimiza","family":"Momin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pui Lin","family":"Chong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosmonaliza","family":"Asli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Babu Ivan","family":"Mani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vui Heng","family":"Chong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3383","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]]},"container-title":["Western Pacific Surveillance and Response Journal"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,29]],"date-time":"2021-10-29T04:10:40Z","timestamp":1635480640000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ojs.wpro.who.int\/ojs\/index.php\/wpsar\/article\/view\/856"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5365\/wpsar.2021.12.3.856","relation":{},"ISSN":["2094-7321","2094-7313"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2094-7321","type":"print"},{"value":"2094-7313","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]]}}}