{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T00:35:48Z","timestamp":1773966948664,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"World Health Organization, Western Pacific Regional Office","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["WPSAR"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: On 24 September 2022, the Regional Public Health Unit in Ilocos received a report of a cluster of suspected hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in one school in Balungao, Pangasinan Province, the Philippines. On 4 October 2022, the public health unit sent a team from the Field Epidemiology Training Program \u2013 Intermediate Course to conduct an outbreak investigation.  Methods: Active case-finding was conducted at the school. A suspected case was defined as any student or staff member with mouth ulcers and papulovesicular or maculopapular rash on the palms, fingers, soles of the feet or buttocks occurring from 1 September to 5 October 2022. We interviewed school officials about possible sources of infection and students\u2019 activities. We collected oropharyngeal swab samples for testing. Findings were used for descriptive analysis.  Results: Nine suspected cases of HFMD were detected, with the highest number of cases (6, 67%) occurring in children in grade 1. The majority of cases (7, 78%) were 6 years old, and five cases (56%) were male. Seven (78%) of the cases had been exposed to a confirmed case of HFMD, as reported by their parents or guardians and teachers. Six cases (67%) were positive for coxsackievirus A16 and two (22%) for enterovirus.  Discussion: The causative agents of this outbreak were coxsackievirus A16 and other enteroviruses. Direct contact with a confirmed case was the source of transmission, with a lack of physical distancing in classrooms likely contributing to transmission. We recommended that the local government implement measures to control the outbreak.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5365\/wpsar.2023.14.2.1001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]],"date-time":"2024-01-29T10:47:22Z","timestamp":1706525242000},"page":"35-39","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["School outbreak of hand, foot and mouth disease in Northern Luzon, Philippines, October 2022"],"prefix":"10.5365","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Emeryn","family":"Victori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ray Justin","family":"Ventura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariz Zheila","family":"Blanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosario","family":"Pamintuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rio","family":"Magpantay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Lonogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3383","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]]},"container-title":["Western Pacific Surveillance and Response Journal"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]],"date-time":"2024-01-29T10:47:31Z","timestamp":1706525251000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ojs.wpro.who.int\/ojs\/index.php\/wpsar\/article\/view\/1001"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5365\/wpsar.2023.14.2.1001","relation":{},"ISSN":["2094-7321","2094-7313"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2094-7321","type":"print"},{"value":"2094-7313","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]]}}}