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Annual Health, Labour and Welfarw Report 2011-2012 (Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan)"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2. Sudlow CLM, Warlow CP. Comparable studies of the incidence of stroke and its pathological types: results from an international collaboration. Stroke, <b> 28 <\/b>: 491-499, 1997.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.28.3.491"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3. Special report from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke: classification of cerebrovascular disease III. Stroke, <b> 21 <\/b>: 637-676, 1990.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.21.4.637"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4. Kubo M, Kiyohara Y, Ninomiya T, <i>et al<\/i> . Decreasing incidence of lacunar vs other types of cerebral infarction in a Japanese population. Neurology,<b> 66 <\/b>: 1539-1544, 2006.","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000216132.95207.b4"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5. Kimura K, Minematsu K, Yamaguchi T. Atrial fibrillation as a predictive factor for severe stroke and early death in 15,831 patients with acute ischaemic stroke. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, <b> 76 <\/b>: 679-683, 2005.","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2004.048827"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6. de Bruijn SF, Agema WR, Lammers GJ, <i>et al<\/i> . Transesophageal echocardiography is superior to transthoracic echocardiography in management of patients of any age with transient ischemic attack or stroke. Stroke, <b> 37 <\/b>: 2531-2534, 2006.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000241064.46659.69"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7. Kuriki A, Ichikawa H, Kato H, <i>et al<\/i> . Transesophageal echocardiography for diagnosis of ischemic stroke subtypes: A hospital-based study of 120 patients. (in Japanese) Jpn J Stroke, <b> 33 <\/b>: 326-332, 2011.","DOI":"10.3995\/jstroke.33.326"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8. Ueshima H, Sekikawa A, Miura K, <i>et al<\/i> . Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Factors in Asia: A Selected Review. Circulation, <b> 118 <\/b>: 2702-2709, 2008.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.790048"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9. Habara S, Dote K, Kato M, <i>et al<\/i> . Prediction of left atrial appendage thrombi in non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J, <b> 28 <\/b>: 2217-2222, 2007.","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehm356"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10. Wysokinski WE, Ammash N, Sobande F, Kalsi H, Hodge D, McBane RD. Predicting left atrial thrombi in atrial fibrillation. Am Heart J, <b> 159 <\/b>: 665-671, 2010.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2009.12.043"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11. Klein AL, Grimm RA, Murray RD, <i>et al<\/i> . Use of transesophageal echocardiography to guide cardioversion in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med, <b> 344 <\/b>: 1411-1420, 2001.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200105103441901"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12. Fukuda S, Shimada K, Kawasaki T, <i>et al<\/i> . Transnasal transesophageal echocardiography in the detection of left atrial thrombus. J Cardiol, <b> 54 <\/b>: 425-431, 2009.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2009.07.002"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"13. Stoddard MF, Dawkins PR, Prince CR, Ammash NM. Left atrial appendage thrombus is not uncommon in patients with acute atrial fibrillation and a recent embolic event: A transesophageal echocardiographic study. J Am Coll Cardiol, <b> 25 <\/b>: 452-459, 1995.","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(94)00396-8"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14. Stoddard MF, Singh P, Dawn B, Longaker RA. Left atrial thrombus predicts transient ischemic attack in patients with atrial fibrillation. Am Heart J, <b> 145 <\/b>: 676-682, 2003.","DOI":"10.1067\/mhj.2003.91"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"15. Yamashita E, Takamatsu H, Tada H, <i>et al<\/i> . Transesophageal echocardiography for thrombus screening prior to left atrial catheter ablation. Circ J, <b> 74 <\/b>: 1081-1086, 2010.","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-09-1002"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16. Okada Y, Shibazaki K, Kimura K, <i>et al<\/i> . Brain natriuretic peptide is a marker associated with thrombus in stroke patients with atrial fibrillation. J Neurol Sci, <b> 301 <\/b>: 86-89, 2010.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.10.017"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"17. Okuyama H, Hirono O, Tamura H, <i>et al<\/i> . Usefulness of intensity variation in the left atrial appendage with contrast echocardiography to predict ischemic stroke recurrence in patients with atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol, <b> 101 <\/b>: 1630-1637, 2008.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.01.052"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"18. Sadahiro H, Inamura A, Ishihara H, <i>et al<\/i> . Fragmental or Massive Embolization in Cardiogenic Stroke Caused by Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis, <b> 23 <\/b>: 63-68, 2014.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2012.09.006"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"19. Falcone RA, Morady F, Armstrong WF. Transesophageal echocardiographic evaluation of left atrial appendage function and spontaneous contrast formation after chemical or electrical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol, <b> 78 <\/b>: 435-439, 1996.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(96)00333-5"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"20. Leung DY, Black IW, Cranney GB, Hopkins AP, Walsh WF. Prognostic implications of left atrial spontaneous echo contrast in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol, <b> 24 <\/b>: 755-762, 1994.","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(94)90025-6"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"21. Gonz\u00e1lez-Torrecilla E, Garc\u00eda-Fern\u00e1ndez MA, P\u00e9rez-David E, Bermejo J, Moreno M, Delc\u00e1n JL. Predictors of left atrial spontaneous echo contrast and thrombi in patients with mitral stenosis and atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol, <b> 86 <\/b>: 529-534, 2000.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(00)01007-9"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"22. Tsai LM, Chen JH, Fang CJ, Lin LJ, Kwan CM. Clinical implications of left atrial spontaneous echo contrast in nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol, <b> 70 <\/b>: 327-331, 1992.","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(92)90613-4"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"23. Kamp O, Verhorst PM, Welling RC, Visser CA. Importance of left atrial appendage flow as a predictor of thromboembolic events in patients with atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J, <b> 20 <\/b>: 979-985, 1999.","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.1998.1453"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"24. Leung DY, Black IW, Cranney GB, <i>et al<\/i> . Selection of patients for transesophageal echocardiography after stroke and systemic embolic events. Role of transthoracic echocardiography. Stroke, <b> 26 <\/b>: 1820-1824, 1995.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.26.10.1820"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"25. Sadanandan S, Sherrid MV. Clinical and echocardiographic characteristics of left atrial spontaneous echo contrast in sinus rhythm. J Am Coll Cardiol, <b> 35 <\/b>: 1932-1938, 2000.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(00)00643-4"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"26. Jung PH, Mueller M, Schuhmann C, <i>et al<\/i> . Contrast enhanced transesophageal echocardiography in patients with atrial fibrillation referred to electrical cardioversion improves atrial thrombus detection and may reduce associated thromboembolic events. 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