{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T07:18:04Z","timestamp":1788160684089,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777334400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["rde.ac"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Restor Dent Endod"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: This &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;\/i&gt; study aimed to assess the fracture resistance of simulated stages of root maturation following regenerative endodontic treatment using a cyclic loading method.Methods: Ninety extracted maxillary central incisors were randomly allocated into three experimental groups representing different stages of root development, following revitalization: Group A for completely immature teeth immediately after treatment; Group B for teeth with apical closure, and Group C for teeth with apical closure and wall thickening. Two control groups were also included: Group D for intact teeth and Group E for simulated immature teeth without the bioceramic material. Following simulation of immature apices and treatment with a bioceramic material, all specimens were subjected to cyclic loading using a step-stress fatigue protocol until failure. The number of cycles to fracture and the peak load were recorded and statistically analyzed.Results: Statistically significant differences in loading forces were observed between the negative control group (Group D) and Groups A, B, and E (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;\/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). However, no statistically significant differences were detected among the experimental groups. These results indicate that apical closure and dentinal wall thickening alone did not substantially improve mechanical reinforcement under cyclic loading conditions.Conclusions: Although intact teeth exhibited superior mechanical performance, apical closure and wall thickening alone were insufficient to enhance reinforcement under cyclic loading.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5395\/rde.2026.51.e21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T06:01:13Z","timestamp":1777356073000},"page":"e21","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5395\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fracture resistance of regenerated immature teeth in different simulated stages of root development: an in vitro cyclic loading 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