{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,30]],"date-time":"2025-08-30T16:28:39Z","timestamp":1756571319225,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Korean Shoulder and Elbow Society","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,14]],"date-time":"2023-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699920000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cisejournal.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Shoulder Elb"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background:There is minimal literature on the morphology of partial distal biceps tendon (DBT) tears. We sought to investigate tear morphology by retrospectively reviewing 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (3T MRI) scans of elbows with partial DBT tears and to propose a basic classification system.Methods: 3T MRI scans of elbows with partial DBT tears were retrospectively reviewed by two experienced observers. Basic demographic data were collected. Tear morphology was recorded including type, presence of retraction (&gt;5 mm), and presence of discrete long-head and short-head tendons at the DBT insertion.Results: For analysis, 44 3T MRI scans of 44 elbows with partial DBT tears were included. There were 9 isolated long-head tears (20%), 13 isolated short-head tears (30%), 2 complete long-head tears with a partial short-head tear (5%), 5 complete short-head tears with a partial long-head tear (11%), and 15 peel-off tears (34%). Retraction was seen in 5 or 44 partial tears (11%), and 13 of the 44 DBTs were bifid tendons at the insertion (30%).Conclusions: Partial DBT tears can be classified into five sub-types: long-head isolated tears, short-head isolated tears, complete long-head tears with partial short-head involvement, complete short-head tears with partial long-head involvement, and peel-off tears. Classification of tears may have implications for operative and non-operative management.Level of evidence: III.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5397\/cise.2023.00458","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,14]],"date-time":"2023-11-14T05:42:12Z","timestamp":1699940532000},"page":"366-372","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5397\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Classification system for partial distal biceps tendon tears: a descriptive 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging study of tear morphology"],"prefix":"10.5397","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6849-2871","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alex B","family":"Boyle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simon BM","family":"MacLean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3351","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/jsa.0b013e318183eb60"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/2058-5241.6.200145"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2022.01.149"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-014-2079-z"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/jbjs.i.01213"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-201003000-00003"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-017-2816-1"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2009.08.016"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"767","volume-title":"Distal rupture of the tendon of biceps brachii. Evaluation by MRI and the results of repair","author":"Le Huec","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2007.05.027"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.015"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-011-1586-x"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"1044","volume-title":"Distal biceps tendon anatomy: a cadaveric study","author":"Eames","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2016.11.004"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2006.04.012"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2011.04.030"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198567030-00011"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mric.2005.12.002"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/blo.0b013e31802f78aa"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-009-1524-1"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"1365","volume-title":"An etiological factor in tear of the distal tendon of the biceps brachii: report of two cases","author":"Davis","year":"1956"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.23483"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/jbjs.n.01221"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2017.12.010"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/jbjs.20.00445"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199110000-00020"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17453678709146488"}],"container-title":["Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/cisejournal.org\/upload\/pdf\/cise-2023-00458.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/cisejournal.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.5397\/cise.2023.00458","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/cisejournal.org\/upload\/pdf\/cise-2023-00458.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T05:18:16Z","timestamp":1701407896000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/cisejournal.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.5397\/cise.2023.00458"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5397\/cise.2023.00458","relation":{},"ISSN":["2288-8721"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2288-8721"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-06-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-07-16","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-11-14","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published online","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-12-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Print publication","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}