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The principles, advantages and disadvantages of immobilization, soil washing and phytoremediation techniques which are frequently listed among the best demonstrated available technologies for cleaning up heavy metal contaminated sites are presented. Remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils is necessary to reduce the associated risks, make the land resource available for agricultural production, enhance food security and scale down land tenure problems arising from changes in the land use pattern.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5402\/2011\/402647","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,24]],"date-time":"2011-10-24T21:30:42Z","timestamp":1319491842000},"page":"1-20","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2005,"title":["Heavy Metals in Contaminated Soils: A Review of Sources, Chemistry, Risks and Best Available Strategies for Remediation"],"prefix":"10.5402","volume":"2011","author":[{"given":"Raymond A.","family":"Wuana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Analytical Environmental Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Benue State University, Makurdi 970001, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felix 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