{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,16]],"date-time":"2025-03-16T16:41:09Z","timestamp":1742143269399,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,25]],"date-time":"2011-12-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1324771200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ISRN Veterinary Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The present study comprises of 10 dogs of either sex with primary indication of azotaemia. All the dogs were subjected to detailed clinical, haematobiochemical, urinalysis, and microbiological examination along with radiographical and ultrasonographical examination. Based on the ultrasonographic structural abnormalities, the different renal affections associated with CRF in majority of dogs were diagnosed. The different affections included \u201cend-stage\u201d kidneys (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>4<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>), hydronephrosis (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>1<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>), renomegaly (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>1<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>), nephritis (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>1<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>), nephrolithiasis (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>1<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>), nephrocalcinosis (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>1<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>), and renal cyst (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>1<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>). The significant ultrasonographic features in these affections included small kidneys with loss of corticomedullary demarcation (\u201cend-stage\u201d kidneys); increased cortical echogenicity (nephritis); dilation of the renal pelvis, separation of the central renal sinus with anechoic space, atrophy of renal medulla, (hydronephrosis); enlarged kidneys with increased overall echogenicity of renal cortex (renomegaly and associated nephritis); hyperechoic-mineralized structure with shadowing (nephrolithiasis); diffuse, small, multiple hyperechoic structures in the renal parenchyma with distal acoustic shadowing (nephrocalcinosis); small spherical intercortical anechoic structures fluid (renal cysts). In the present study, ultrasound proved to be a quick, convenient, and sensitive modality in detecting alterations in renal size and parenchymal architecture. All the dogs so diagnosed with CRF were rendered conservative medical treatment to control clinical signs of uraemia; maintain adequate fluid, electrolyte, and acid\/base balance; provide adequate nutrition; minimize progression of renal failure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5402\/2011\/901713","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,25]],"date-time":"2011-12-25T21:30:36Z","timestamp":1324848636000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Ultrasonographic Imaging for Structural Characterization of Renal Affections and Diagnosis of Associated Chronic Renal Failure in 10 Dogs"],"prefix":"10.5402","volume":"2011","author":[{"given":"Vijay","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology DGCN, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK HP Agricultural University, Himachal Pradesh, Palampur 176062, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adarsh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology DGCN, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK HP Agricultural University, Himachal Pradesh, Palampur 176062, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. C.","family":"Varshney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology DGCN, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK HP Agricultural University, Himachal Pradesh, Palampur 176062, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"first-page":"169","volume-title":"Laboratory evaluation of renal disorders","year":"2005","key":"1"},{"first-page":"803","volume-title":"Diseases of the kidney and ureter","year":"1994","key":"2"},{"first-page":"513","volume-title":"Chronic renal failure","year":"2003","key":"3"},{"first-page":"1634","volume-title":"Chronic renal failure","year":"2000","key":"4"},{"year":"2002","key":"5"},{"first-page":"445","volume-title":"The Kidneys and Ureters","year":"1994","key":"6"},{"issue":"2","key":"7","first-page":"139","volume":"10","year":"1974","journal-title":"Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association"},{"issue":"8","key":"8","first-page":"995","volume":"159","year":"1971","journal-title":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"},{"key":"9","first-page":"292","volume-title":"Ultrasonographic determination of renal volume in the dog","volume":"33","year":"1992"},{"volume":"14","first-page":"453","year":"1993","key":"10"},{"issue":"8","key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1987.191.08.999","volume":"191","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"},{"first-page":"21","volume-title":"Abdominal ultrasonography in small animals","year":"1995","key":"12"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.1995.tb00285.x","volume":"36","year":"1995","journal-title":"Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound"},{"year":"1987","key":"14"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1990.tb00764.x","volume":"31","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Small Animal Practice"},{"first-page":"520","volume-title":"Nephroliths","year":"2003","key":"16"},{"key":"17","first-page":"1149","volume-title":"Sonography of the kidney: symposium on diagnostic ultrasound","volume":"15","year":"1985"}],"container-title":["ISRN Veterinary Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/archive\/2011\/901713.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/archive\/2011\/901713.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/archive\/2011\/901713.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,16]],"date-time":"2025-03-16T16:15:59Z","timestamp":1742141759000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/isrn\/2011\/901713\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,25]]},"references-count":17,"alternative-id":["901713","901713"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5402\/2011\/901713","relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-4452","2090-4460"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2090-4452"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2090-4460"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,25]]}}}