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The central pathology of HRS is splanchnic arterial vasodilation and hyperpermeability followed by bacterial translocation (BT). BT induces a severe inflammatory response in the peritoneal lymphoid tissue, with the activation of the immune systems and the long-lasting production of vasoactive mediators that can impair the circulatory function and cause renal failure. Recent studies report that the plasma amino acid imbalance appeared to be related to an abnormality of the immune system in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. This paper can provide a new approach for future studies of the pathology in cirrhotic patients with renal dysfunction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5402\/2012\/123826","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,26]],"date-time":"2012-12-26T21:00:40Z","timestamp":1356555640000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Relationship between Renal Dysfunction and Abnormalities of the Immune System in Patients with Decompensated Cirrhosis"],"prefix":"10.5402","volume":"2012","author":[{"given":"Eiji","family":"Kakazu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo, Aobaku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5935-4346","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yasuteru","family":"Kondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo, Aobaku, 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