{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T22:56:38Z","timestamp":1792450598712,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,20]],"date-time":"2012-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1348099200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ISRN Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The rise of European science during the Renaissance is greatly indebted to the flourishing of the sciences during the Islamic Golden Age. However, some believe that medieval Islamic physicians and in particular surgeons had been merely a medium for Greco-Roman ideas. Contrarily, in some medieval Islamic medical books, such as\n                    <jats:italic>Al-Tasrif<\/jats:italic>\n                    of Al-Zahrawi (936\u20131013), the surgical instructions represent a change in the usual techniques or are accompanied by a case history, implying that the procedure was actually undertaken. Along with the hundreds of chapters on different diseases and related medical and surgical treatments,\n                    <jats:italic>Al-Tasrif<\/jats:italic>\n                    includes a chapter on surgical techniques for gynecomastia. The present paper is a review of the description of the surgical management of gynecomastia by Al-Zahrawi as well as that of the ancient Greek, medieval, and modern medicine. Although Al-Zahrawi seemed to base his descriptions of surgery for gynecomastia upon those of Paulus of Aegina, his modification of the procedure and application of the medicinal substances might be indicative of Al-Zahrawi\u2019s own practice of the procedure. Al-Zahrawi\u2019s surgical procedures remained unchanged for many centuries thenceforward until the technological evolution in the recent centuries.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5402\/2012\/934965","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,20]],"date-time":"2012-09-20T17:30:31Z","timestamp":1348162231000},"page":"1-5","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Surgery for Gynecomastia in the Islamic Golden Age:\n                    <i>Al-Tasrif<\/i>\n                    of Al-Zahrawi (936\u20131013 AD)"],"prefix":"10.5402","volume":"2012","author":[{"given":"Seyed Hadi","family":"Chavoushi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51656-65811, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamyar","family":"Ghabili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51656-65811, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdolhassan","family":"Kazemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Philosophy and History Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51656-65811, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arash","family":"Aslanabadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Students\u2019 Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51656-65811, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Babapour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Students\u2019 Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51656-65811, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafail","family":"Ahmedli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Philosophy, Sociology and Law, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, 1141 Baku, Azerbaijan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samad E. 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