{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T00:36:20Z","timestamp":1782952580792,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,23]],"date-time":"2012-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1345680000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ISRN AIDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Introduction<\/jats:italic>. While the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy decreased HIV-related morbidity and mortality rates in the sub-Saharan Africa, a subsequent increase in metabolic abnormalities has been observed. We sought to determine the prevalence of HIV-associated metabolic abnormalities among patients on first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in an ART clinic in Kampala, Uganda.<jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. Four hundred forty-two consecutive patients on first-line ART for at least 12 months were screened for eligibility in a cross-sectional study, and 423 were enrolled. Pre-ART patient characteristics were abstracted from medical charts, examinations included anthropometric measurement and physical assessment for lipodystrophy.<jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. The prevalence of hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia was 16.3% (69\/423) and 81.5% (345\/423), respectively. Prevalence of dyslipidemia between stavudine- and zidovudine-based regimens (91% versus 72%;<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). Being on stavudine (aOR 4.79, 95%, 2.45\u20139.38) and peak body weight (aOR 1.44, 95% CI\u20091.05\u20131.97) were independent risk factors for dylipidemia. Stavudine (aOR 0.50, 95% CI\u2009 0.27\u20130.93) use was associated with lower risk for hyperglycemia while, and older age (aOR 1.31, 95% CI\u20091.11\u20131.56) and having a family history of DM (aOR 2.18, 95% CI\u20091.10\u20134.34) were independent risk factors for hyperglycemia.<jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>. HIV-associated metabolic complications were prevalent among patients on thymidine analogue-containing ART regimens. Screening for lipid and glucose abnormalities should be considered in ART patients because of cardiovascular risks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5402\/2012\/960178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,23]],"date-time":"2012-08-23T21:30:39Z","timestamp":1345757439000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Prevalence of HIV-Associated Metabolic Abnormalities among Patients Taking First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy in Uganda"],"prefix":"10.5402","volume":"2012","author":[{"given":"Bernard","family":"Omech","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Sempa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department, Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 22418, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Castelnuovo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department, Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 22418, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Opio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcel","family":"Otim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harriet","family":"Mayanja-Kizza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Colebunders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukari C.","family":"Manabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department, Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 22418, Kampala, Uganda"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"98","reference":[{"key":"1","volume-title":"Towards universal access: scaling up priority HIV\/AIDS interventions in the health sector","year":"2008"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005575"},{"issue":"4","key":"3","first-page":"148","volume":"19","year":"2009","journal-title":"AIDS Reader"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31819c16f4"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e318158c0a6"},{"key":"6","year":"2006"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.74.5.1045"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.76.6.1423"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa012035"},{"issue":"1","key":"10","first-page":"10","volume":"85","year":"2008","journal-title":"East African Medical Journal"},{"key":"11","year":"1985"},{"issue":"25","key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3143","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.106.25.3143","volume":"106","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"4","key":"13","first-page":"247","volume":"6","year":"2006","journal-title":"African Health Sciences"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31815e7453"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3181f5bd03"},{"issue":"3","key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1177\/135965350901400307","volume":"14","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antiviral Therapy"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200110190-00013"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0010019"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200107270-00008"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200305230-00010"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2007.0023"}],"container-title":["ISRN AIDS"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/archive\/2012\/960178.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/archive\/2012\/960178.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/archive\/2012\/960178.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,25]],"date-time":"2023-06-25T11:59:39Z","timestamp":1687694379000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/isrn\/2012\/960178\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,23]]},"references-count":21,"alternative-id":["960178","960178"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5402\/2012\/960178","relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-939X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2090-939X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,23]]}}}