{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T07:00:27Z","timestamp":1785222027189,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World J Clin Pediatr"],"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children with congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are a major cause of deterioration of kidney functions and possibly, renal scarring. Rising antimicrobial resistance necessitates alternative preventive strategies. Bovine colostrum (BC), a bioactive prebiotic, has emerged as a promising adjuvant therapy in upper respiratory and gastrointestinal (GIT) infections. Given the shared mucosal immune mechanisms, the urinary tract may represent a suitable target for this preventive strategy to reduce UTI recurrence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>AIM<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>To evaluate the potential role of oral BC as an adjuvant therapy for preventing recurrent UTIs in children with CAKUT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>METHODS<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial enrolled 60 children (&lt; 18 years) with CAKUT and culture-confirmed recurrent UTIs. Children with urinary stones or endo-urinary devices were excluded. Participants were randomized to receive either oral BC sachets (n  = 30) or placebo (n  = 30) daily for one month. All patients were followed monthly for six months for UTI symptoms, physical examination, urine analysis, urine culture and sensitivity, complete blood count and C-reactive protein when indicated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>RESULTS<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The two study groups were comparable in age, sex, and chronic kidney disease stage (P  &gt; 0.05). Colostrum supplementation showed a nonsignificant reduction in the overall incidence of upper and lower UTIs vs  placebo over six months [relative risk (RR) = 0.84, 95%CI: 0.63-1.12; P  = 0.22]. However, significant reductions of 73%-75% in UTI incidence were observed during the fourth, fifth, and sixth months of follow up (P  &lt; 0.05 for each). When stratified by infection type, cystitis incidence was significantly lower in the colostrum group (43.3% vs  70.0%; RR = 0.62; 95%CI: 0.39-0.99; P  = 0.037), while no significant difference was observed in pyelonephritis. GTI and respiratory infections were reduced by 34% (RR = 0.66; 95%CI: 0.50-0.87; P  = 0.001). No allergic reactions were reported.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>CONCLUSION<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>BC supplementation may reduce cystitis, as well as respiratory and GIT infections, in children with CAKUT. The observed month-specific reduction in UTIs suggests a possible cumulative benefit with continued supplementation, warranting further research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5409\/wjcp.118300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T16:08:04Z","timestamp":1780416484000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bovine colostrum for prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections in susceptible children: A randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.5409","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ragia M","family":"Said","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abanoub A","family":"Wissa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara T","family":"Wahib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noha U","family":"Hashem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2060","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3205\/id000076"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/20.1.45"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5662\/wjm.v5.i2.13"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16244305"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25245763"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2018.00052"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-019-09642-0"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16132007"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2018.1528836"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2006.tb02378.x"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2012.388"},{"key":"B12","unstructured":"Veauthier B, Miller MV. 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