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Although chronic anterior instability of the SC joint does not resolve with nonsurgical treatment, patients often have mild symptoms that do not impair activities of daily living; however, chronic anterior SC joint instability may be functionally limiting in more active individuals. In these cases, surgical treatment with either (1) SC joint reconstruction or (2) medial clavicle resection, or both, can be done. Recurrent posterior instability of the SC joint also requires surgical treatment due to risk of injury to mediastinal structures. Recent literature describes various reconstruction techniques which generally show improved patient-reported outcomes and low complication rates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5435\/jaaos-d-19-00611","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,3]],"date-time":"2022-05-03T10:02:23Z","timestamp":1651572143000},"page":"e1076-e1083","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Sternoclavicular Joint Instability and Reconstruction"],"prefix":"10.5435","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8859-3415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew T.","family":"Provencher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0571-7177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David L.","family":"Bernholt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9558-8465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liam A.","family":"Peebles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8298-3746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter J.","family":"Millett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-201101000-00001","article-title":"Management of traumatic sternoclavicular joint injuries","volume":"19","author":"Groh","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"R2-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546519900896","article-title":"Minimum 5-year clinical outcomes, survivorship, and return to sports after hamstring tendon autograft reconstruction for sternoclavicular joint instability","volume":"48","author":"Lacheta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"R3-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2015.08.004","article-title":"Clinical outcomes after autograft reconstruction for sternoclavicular joint instability","volume":"25","author":"Petri","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"R4-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-196803000-00004","article-title":"Sternoclavicular dislocations","volume":"8","author":"Nettles","year":"1968","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"R5-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.90B6.20391","article-title":"Disorders of the sternoclavicular joint","volume":"90","author":"Robinson","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"R6-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2013.05.010","article-title":"Reconstruction of the chronic anterior unstable sternoclavicular joint using a tendon autograft: Medium-term to long-term follow-up results","volume":"23","author":"Bak","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"R7-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.M.00681","article-title":"Clinical outcome after reconstruction for sternoclavicular joint instability using a sternocleidomastoid tendon graft","volume":"96","author":"Uri","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"R8-20250503","first-page":"1294","article-title":"Treatment of sternoclavicular joint dislocations: A systematic review of 251 dislocations in 24 case series","volume":"70","author":"Glass","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"R9-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-199609000-00005","article-title":"Acute and chronic traumatic injuries of the sternoclavicular joint","volume":"4","author":"Wirth","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"R10-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.71B1.2915008","article-title":"Operation for old sternoclavicular dislocation. 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