{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T18:53:14Z","timestamp":1792522394999,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Am Acad Orthop Surg","JAAOS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) and reverse TSA have provided an effective treatment for glenohumeral osteoarthritis; however, longevity of the procedure may be limited by osteolysis and polyethylene wear. In TSA, glenoid component failure occurs through several mechanisms, the most common being aseptic loosening and polyethylene wear. Newer bearing surfaces such as highly cross-linked ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene, vitamin E processing, ceramic heads, and pyrolytic carbon surfaces have shown improved wear characteristics in biomechanical and some early clinical studies. The purpose of this review is to provide a historical perspective and current state of the art of bearing surface technology in anatomic and reverse TSA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5435\/jaaos-d-20-00166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,14]],"date-time":"2021-01-14T10:21:03Z","timestamp":1610619663000},"page":"414-422","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Prosthetic Bearing Surfaces in Anatomic and Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty"],"prefix":"10.5435","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9024-9584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael A.","family":"Stone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5501-3114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali S.","family":"Noorzad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Surena","family":"Namdari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3845-7220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph","family":"Abboud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1860","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-015-4231-z","article-title":"Future patient demand for shoulder arthroplasty by younger patients: National projections","volume":"473","author":"Padegimas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"R2-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-015-4659-1","article-title":"ArtiFacts: The case of Jules Pedoux","volume":"474","author":"Hawk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"R3-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-195537020-00001","article-title":"Articular replacement for the humeral head","volume":"37-A","author":"Neer","year":"1955","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"R4-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197456010-00001","article-title":"Replacement arthroplasty for glenohumeral osteoarthritis","volume":"56","author":"Neer","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"R5-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-199407000-00004","article-title":"Wear debris in total joint replacements","volume":"2","author":"Jacobs","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"R6-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2008.12.006","article-title":"Observations on retrieved glenoid components from total shoulder arthroplasty","volume":"18","author":"Nho","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"R7-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1054\/arth.2002.27671","article-title":"Retrieved glenoid components: A classification system for surface damage analysis","volume":"17","author":"Gunther","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"key":"R8-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2018.02.063","article-title":"Influence of joint kinematics on polyethylene wear in anatomic shoulder joint arthroplasty","volume":"27","author":"Braun","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"R9-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2011.03.012","article-title":"Polyethylene wear in retrieved reverse total shoulder components","volume":"21","author":"Day","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"R10-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2007","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.23849","article-title":"Quantitative evaluation of retrieved reverse total shoulder arthroplasty liner surface deviation and volumetric wear","volume":"36","author":"Kurdziel","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"R11-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.G.01263","article-title":"Glenoid component failure in total shoulder arthroplasty","volume":"90","author":"Matsen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"R12-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.20158","article-title":"Alterations in surface geometry in retrieved polyethylene glenoid component","volume":"24","author":"Braman","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"R13-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199274040-00005","article-title":"Edge displacement and deformation of glenoid components in response to eccentric loading: The effect of preparation of the glenoid bone","volume":"74","author":"Collins","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"R14-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2018.03.017","article-title":"Cementless versus cemented glenoid components in conventional total shoulder joint arthroplasty: Analysis from the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry","volume":"27","author":"Page","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"R15-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199901000-00005","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of polyethylene wear debris associated with osteolysis following total shoulder arthroplasty","volume":"81","author":"Wirth","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"R16-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-13-00208","article-title":"The glenoid component in anatomic shoulder arthroplasty","volume":"23","author":"Pinkas","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"R17-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.L.00286","article-title":"Rates of radiolucency and loosening after total shoulder arthroplasty with pegged or keeled glenoid components","volume":"95","author":"Vavken","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"R18-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.RVW.17.00014","article-title":"Glenohumeral mismatch in anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty","volume":"5","author":"Schoch","year":"2017","journal-title":"JBJS Rev"},{"key":"R19-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2186","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200212000-00010","article-title":"The influence of glenohumeral prosthetic mismatch on glenoid radiolucent lines: Results of a multicenter study","volume":"84","author":"Walch","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"R20-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2012.01.006","article-title":"Wear analysis of first-generation highly cross-linked polyethylene in primary total hip arthroplasty: An average 9-year follow-up","volume":"27","author":"Reynolds","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"key":"R21-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2014.05.001","article-title":"Wear rates of highly cross-linked polyethylene humeral liners subjected to alternating cycles of glenohumeral flexion and abduction","volume":"24","author":"Peers","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"R22-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2005.09.010","article-title":"Fatigue crack propagation resistance of virgin and highly crosslinked, thermally treated ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene","volume":"27","author":"Gencur","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"R23-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2019.01.014","article-title":"The effect of vitamin E-enhanced cross-linked polyethylene on wear in shoulder arthroplasty: A wear simulator study","volume":"28","author":"Alexander","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"R24-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2017.09.029","article-title":"What can be learned from an analysis of 215 glenoid component failures?","volume":"27","author":"Hsu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"R25-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.91B7.21999","article-title":"Comparison of polyethylene wear in anatomical and reversed shoulder prostheses","volume":"91","author":"Terrier","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"R26-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1080\/10255842.2010.499868","article-title":"Wear analysis in anatomical and reversed shoulder prostheses","volume":"14","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2011","journal-title":"Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin"},{"key":"R27-20250503","first-page":"126","article-title":"Wear of a titanium-alloy shoulder prosthetic head","volume":"63","author":"Simon","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Belg"},{"key":"R28-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2019.06.006","article-title":"The effect of patient-reported metal allergies on the outcomes of shoulder arthroplasty","volume":"29","author":"Kennon","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"R29-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2029","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2017.06.036","article-title":"Neer Award 2017: Wear rates of 32-mm and 40-mm glenospheres in a reverse total shoulder arthroplasty wear simulation model","volume":"26","author":"Haggart","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"R30-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-016-3188-1","article-title":"Early clinical and radiological outcomes of reverse shoulder arthroplasty with an eccentric all-polyethylene glenosphere to treat failed hemiarthroplasty and the sequelae of proximal humeral fractures","volume":"41","author":"Merolla","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"R31-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-014-2135-0","article-title":"Reversed shoulder arthroplasty with inversed bearing materials: 2-year clinical and radiographic results in 101 patients","volume":"135","author":"Irlenbusch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"key":"R32-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.5312\/wjo.v6.i1.77","article-title":"Biotribology of artificial hip joints","volume":"6","author":"Di Puccio","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Orthop"},{"key":"R33-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1756","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2017.05.008","article-title":"Influence of humeral head material on wear performance in anatomic shoulder joint arthroplasty","volume":"26","author":"Mueller","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"R34-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2019.09.032","article-title":"Proximal humeral osteolysis and glenoid radiolucent lines in an anatomic shoulder arthroplasty: A comparison of a ceramic and a metal humeral head component","volume":"29","author":"Bell","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"R35-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1826","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2018.01.066","article-title":"Comparison of postoperative complications following metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty with other hip bearings in Medicare population","volume":"33","author":"Kleeman","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"key":"R36-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e957","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20160616-05","article-title":"Early outcomes following metal-on-metal reverse total shoulder arthroplasty in patients younger than 50 years","volume":"39","author":"Riley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"R37-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1900","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2015.05.037","article-title":"Unacceptable failure of hemiarthroplasty combined with biological glenoid resurfacing in the treatment of glenohumeral arthritis in the young","volume":"24","author":"Puskas","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"R38-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.22203\/eCM.v037a01","article-title":"Pyrocarbon versus cobalt-chromium in the context of spherical interposition implants: An in vitro study on cultured chondrocytes","volume":"37","author":"Hannoun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Cell Mater"},{"key":"R39-20250503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2019.103553","article-title":"Wear behaviour of polyethylene glenoid inserts against PyroCarbon humeral heads in shoulder arthroplasties","volume":"103","author":"Ramirez-Martinez","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Mech Behav Biomed Mater"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.5435\/JAAOS-D-20-00166","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T14:46:15Z","timestamp":1787669175000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.5435\/JAAOS-D-20-00166"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5435\/jaaos-d-20-00166","relation":{},"ISSN":["1067-151X","1940-5480"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1067-151X","type":"print"},{"value":"1940-5480","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-02-28","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-12-06","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}