{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T19:06:30Z","timestamp":1791486390803,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"ScopeMed","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762387200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":309,"URL":"https:\/\/bdvets.org\/JAVAR\/?sec=licenseinfo"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Adv Vet Anim Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;Objective:&lt;\/b&gt; This study aimed to investigate the impact of dietary charcoal supplementation on hematological and biochemical indices, immune function, antioxidant status, and intestinal histomorphology in ducks. \n&lt;b&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;\/b&gt; A total of 144 mule ducks, aged 4 weeks, were randomly allocated into 6 experimental groups. Birds were reared under uniform conditions in floor pens and provided with a basal diet (3,000 kcal\/kg ME and 20% CP) supplemented with 0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, or 2.5% charcoal. \n&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;\/b&gt; Dietary inclusion of charcoal at 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0% significantly reduced serum creatinine (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;\/i&gt; = 0.049) and urea concentrations (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;\/i&gt; = 0.036), suggesting enhanced renal function. Additionally, ducks receiving 1.5% and 2.0% charcoal exhibited significantly lower plasma corticosterone levels (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;\/i&gt; = 0.045) and elevated blood glucose concentrations (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;\/i&gt; = 0.042) compared to the control group. No significant differences (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;\/i&gt; &gt; 0.05) were observed in other serum biochemical markers (total protein, albumin, globulin, albumin-to-globulin ratio, cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase) or hematological parameters. Antioxidant capacity was significantly enhanced (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;\/i&gt; \u2264 0.05) in ducks fed 1.5% charcoal, except for malondialdehyde levels, which remained unaffected (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;\/i&gt; = 0.943). Serum immunoglobulin A concentrations and relative spleen weights were significantly higher in the 1.5% and 2.0% charcoal groups (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;\/i&gt; = 0.0125 and &lt;i&gt;p&lt;\/i&gt; = 0.0207, respectively), while IgG and IgM levels did not differ among treatments (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;\/i&gt; &gt; 0.05). Moreover, charcoal supplementation at 1.5%, 2.0%, and 2.5% positively influenced the villus architecture of both the duodenum and cecum (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;\/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). \n&lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;\/b&gt; Dietary supplementation with up to 1.5% charcoal appears to confer physiological benefits in ducks by supporting renal function, enhancing immune and antioxidant responses, and improving intestinal morphology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5455\/javar.2025.l934","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T17:46:08Z","timestamp":1762451168000},"page":"709","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dietary charcoal supplementation modulates hematological, biochemical, immunological, antioxidant, and intestinal parameters in ducks"],"prefix":"10.5455","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Hosny","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Farghly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mostafa","family":"Abdelfattah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"El-Hack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elwy","family":"Ashour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Aldhalmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayman","family":"Swelum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Tufarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"El-kholy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Tateo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3407","container-title":["Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.bibliomed.org\/fulltextpdf.php?mno=251212","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T18:02:48Z","timestamp":1791482568000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.bibliomed.org\/?mno=251212"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5455\/javar.2025.l934","relation":{},"ISSN":["2311-7710"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2311-7710","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}}}