{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T19:10:46Z","timestamp":1791486646613,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"ScopeMed","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]],"date-time":"2022-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":180,"URL":"http:\/\/www.matersociomed.org\/\/?sec=licenseinfo"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mater Sociomed"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: COVID-19 has different presentations from mild flu like symptoms such as anosmia, dysgeusia, fever, sore throat, cough, dyspnea, headache, abdominal pain and diarrhoea to severe COVID-19 with the development of acute respiratory syndrome (ARDS), septic shock, metabolic acidosis, coagulation dysfunction,  multiorgan failure or even death. Objective: The aim of this research project was to present and highlight the outcomes of the vaccination against COVID-19 and the widespread use of antibiotics during the initial admission and treatment of COVID-19 patients in out-of-hospital settings. Methods. This observational cross-sectional study was conducted between September 1st and September 24th 2021, during the fourth wave of COVID-19 outbreak in Bosnia and Herzegovina, among the patients admitted to the primary health care COVID-19 centre of Canton Sarajevo in Bosnia and Herzegovina.Results. Patients were mostly female 213 (53.3%), with a mean age of 48.8 \u00b118.6, with hypertension 129 (32.3%) or diabetes mellitus 35 (8.7%) as comorbidities and being COVID-19 unvaccinated 236 (59.0%) COVID-19 unvaccinated patients expressed more fever (X2=9.93, p&lt;0.05),  had typical COVID-19 chest X ray presentation (X2=6.08, p&lt;0.05) and abnormal lung auscultation sounds (X2=5.43, p&lt;0.05). Out of all patients, 312 (78.0%) have received antibiotics and 3 (0.75%) antivirotics such as favipiravir as therapy for the treatment of COVID-19. The mean duration of the antibiotic regime was 10.2 \u00b1 7.5 days with a minimum of 3 days and maximum of 62 days. The minimum CRP value when antibiotics were prescribed was 0.1 (ref. value &lt;5mg\/l). The most prescribed antibiotic was doxycycline 172 (43.0%), followed by ceftriaxone 139 (34.7%) and azithromycin 108 (27.0%). Conclusion. Our study showed that vaccination acts protective for the development of severe COVID-19 forms, as well as that antibiotics were overused among COVID-19 infected. The outcome of such malpractice could lead to antimicrobial resistance which will be seen in further years. Governmental agencies should advise physicians to change these trends.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5455\/msm.2022.34.112-117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]],"date-time":"2022-06-30T14:28:26Z","timestamp":1656599306000},"page":"112","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["COVID-19 Vaccination Outcomes and Antibiotic Crisis and Overuse During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Bosnia and Herzegovina"],"prefix":"10.5455","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Vedad","family":"Dedic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armin","family":"Sljivo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alen","family":"Arnautovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Mulac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3407","container-title":["Materia Socio Medica"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ejmanager.com\/mnstemps\/16\/16-1656444026.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T18:08:04Z","timestamp":1791482884000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ejmanager.com\/mnstemps\/16\/16-1656444026.pdf"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5455\/msm.2022.34.112-117","relation":{},"ISSN":["1512-7680"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1512-7680","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}}}