{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T15:30:49Z","timestamp":1794324649238,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"ScopeMed","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]],"date-time":"2023-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":114,"URL":"https:\/\/www.openveterinaryjournal.com\/?sec=licenseinfo"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Open Vet J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: \nAccurate dose assessment during animal radiotherapy is beneficial for veterinary medicine and medical education. \nAim: \nTo visualize the radiation treatment distribution of orthovoltage X-ray equipment in clinical practice using Monte Carlo simulations and created a dog skull water phantom for animal-specific radiotherapy.\nMethods: \nEGSnrc-based BEAMnrc and DOSXYZnrc codes were used to simulate orthovoltage dose distributions. At 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 80 mm in a water phantom, depth dose was measured with waterproof Farmer dosimetry chambers and the diagonal off-axis ratio was measured with Gafchromic EBT3 film to simulate orthovoltage dose distributions. Energy differences between orthovoltage and linear accelerated radiotherapy were assessed with a heterogeneous bone and tissue virtual phantom. The animal-specific phantom for radiotherapy quality assurance was created from CT scans of a dog and printed with a three-dimensional printer using polyamide 12 nylon, with insertion points for dosimetry chambers and Gafchromic EBT3 film. \nResults: \nMonte Carlo simulated and measured dose distributions differed by no more than 2.0% along the central axis up to a depth of 80 mm. The anode heel effect occurred in shallow areas. The orthovoltage radiotherapy percentage depth dose in bone was &gt;40%. Build-up was &gt;40%, with build-down after bone exit, whereas linear accelerator radiotherapy absorption changed little in the bone. A highly water-impermeable, animal-specific dog skull water phantom could be created to evaluate dose distribution. \nConclusion: \nAnimal-specific water phantoms and Monte Carlo simulated pre-treatment radiotherapy is useful quality assurance for orthovoltage radiotherapy and yields a visually familiar phantom that will be useful for veterinary medical education.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5455\/ovj.2023.v13.i4.4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]],"date-time":"2023-04-25T07:57:34Z","timestamp":1682409454000},"page":"427","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Improving animal-specific radiotherapy quality assurance for kilovoltage X-ray radiotherapy using a 3D printed dog skull water phantom"],"prefix":"10.5455","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yoshinori","family":"Tanabe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshie","family":"Iseri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryouta","family":"Onizuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takayuki","family":"Ishida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hidetoshi","family":"Eto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Munekazu","family":"Nakaichi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3407","container-title":["Open Veterinary Journal"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ejmanager.com\/mnstemps\/100\/100-1668988357.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T18:16:02Z","timestamp":1791483362000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ejmanager.com\/mnstemps\/100\/100-1668988357.pdf"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5455\/ovj.2023.v13.i4.4","relation":{},"ISSN":["2226-4485"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2226-4485","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}}}