{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T15:30:59Z","timestamp":1794324659359,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"ScopeMed","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,5]],"date-time":"2025-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751673600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":185,"URL":"https:\/\/www.openveterinaryjournal.com\/?sec=licenseinfo"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Open Vet J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: \nNicotine exposure causes cellular damage by generating ROS, leading to inflammation. DNA damage, and diseases such as atherosclerosis. Single-clove garlic extract (SCGE) contains antioxidants like allicin and flavonoids may counteract nicotine\u2019s harmful effects by reducing pro inflammatory cytokines, suggesting SCGE\u2019s potential as a natural therapeutic intervention to support good health.\n\nAim: \nThis study aimed to investigate the effects of single-clove garlic extract (SCGE) against nicotine induced pneumotoxicity in rats by assessing its impact on TNF-\u03b1, IL-6, and structural integrity tracheal, pulmonary, and coronary artery tissues.\n\nMethods: \nThe subjects of this study were 30 male rats which were divided into 5 treatment groups: the following: T1 (negative control), T2 (3 mg\/mL of nicotine), and T3 (3 mg\/mL of nicotine and 3.6 mg\/day vitamin C), T4; T5; T6 groups (3 mg\/mL nicotine and 75; 100; 125 kg\/mg BW of SCGE). A nicotine exposure followed by oral SCGE was administered twice a day consecutively for 14 days. The TNF-\u03b1 and IL-6 expression was evaluated using immunohistochemical staining. Histopathology of the tracheal and pulmonary organs and coronary arteries using H &amp; E staining.\n\nResults: \nIn the T4, T5, and T6 groups revealed that TNF-\u03b1 and IL-6 levels were significantly lower\nthan in T2 (2,90 and 4,72), reducing ciliary damage, epithelial height, and Mucosal thickness. The T6 group exhibited significant differences in the coronary Arteries (14,97 \u00b5m) compared with the T2 (121,36 \u00b5m). Mean lumen diameter of the coronary artery the T4, T5, and T6 groups were increased compared with T2 (49,71 \u00b5m). Significant decreases (42,65%) were observed in hemorrhage, alveolar septal thickening, and inflammatory cell infiltration in the T6 compared to T2. \n\nConclusion: \nIn conclusion, Single-clove garlic extract treatment can potentially mitigate pneumotoxicity caused by nicotine, as evidenced by improvements in TNF-\u03b1, IL-6, and histopathological damage of the tracheal, pulmonary, and coronary arteries. These findings suggest that, suggests that SCGE could be explored as a potential natural therapeutic intervention for preventing or treating Nicotine-induced lung damage. These findings suggest that SCGE could be explored as a potential natural therapeutic intervention to prevent or treat nicotine-induced lung damage. Further studies could explore the mechanisms underlying SCGE\u2019s antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5455\/ovj.2025.v15.i6.10","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,5]],"date-time":"2025-07-05T07:22:32Z","timestamp":1751700152000},"page":"2374","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["&lt;b&gt;Therapeutic effects of single-clove garlic extract on nicotineinduced inflammation and histopathological changes in rats&lt;\/b&gt;"],"prefix":"10.5455","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Maya","family":"Yunita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hani","family":"Plumeriastuti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wiwiek","family":"Tyasningsih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bodhi","family":"Agustono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andhika","family":"Hardiono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabrian","family":"Prasetyanuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shofia","family":"Shofia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reina","family":"Rahmaniar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md.","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3407","container-title":["Open Veterinary Journal"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.bibliomed.org\/fulltextpdf.php?mno=228943","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T18:18:36Z","timestamp":1791483516000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.openveterinaryjournal.com\/?mno=228943"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5455\/ovj.2025.v15.i6.10","relation":{},"ISSN":["2226-4485"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2226-4485","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}}}