{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T15:31:07Z","timestamp":1794324667511,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"ScopeMed","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772236800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":58,"URL":"https:\/\/www.openveterinaryjournal.com\/?sec=licenseinfo"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Open Vet. J."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: \nDairy cows exhibit a specific physiological state during the transition from late pregnancy to early lactation. This period is characterized by metabolic and immunological alterations to sustain increased energy needs. Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a well-known anabolic cytokine that regulates energy expenditure in muscle tissue.\n\nAim: \nThis study aimed to investigate the role of IL-15 in the metabolic adaptation of dairy cows during the transition period. \n\nMethods: \nThirty-four Holstein-Friesian cows were included in this study. Blood samples were collected twice: three weeks prepartum and three weeks postpartum from all animals to estimate \u03b2-HB and NEFA concentrations using ELISA, in addition to IL-15 and GRP78 gene expression. Cows are considered to be at normal status or in negative energy balance (NEB) when \u03b2-HB is &lt;1.4mmol\/L or \u03b2-HB &gt;1.4mmol\/L, respectively.\n\nResults: \nThe results of our study revealed that \u03b2-HB concentrations are higher significantly (p =0.0001) in NEB than in normal-status cows, both prepartum and postpartum. Similar results were observed regarding NEFA concentration in NEB compared with that in normal-status cows. However, this increase in NEFA concentration did not reach a significant level both prepartum (p =0.100) and postpartum (p =0.141). In addition, NEB-fed cows showed significant downregulation of IL-15 expression levels (p =0.003) compared with normal-status cows postpartum. There were no significant (p =0.934) differences in IL-15 expression levels between the two groups in the prepartum study. Furthermore, the results showed that GRP78 expression levels were significantly upregulated in NEB compared to normal-status cows both prepartum (p =0.010) and postpartum (p =0.034). \n\nConclusion: \nThe body may downregulate IL-15 as a cost-saving immune adaptation. These findings indicate the pivotal physiological role of IL-15 in the regulation of postpartum energy expenditure and metabolic adaptation. Furthermore, the results showed that GRP78 expression levels were upregulated in NEB cows both pre- and postpartum as a part of metabolic adaptation in the transition period.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5455\/ovj.2026.v16.i2.16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T12:03:12Z","timestamp":1772280192000},"page":"944","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["&lt;b&gt;Metabolic adaptive role of interleukin-15 in postpartum dairy cows with negative energy balance&lt;\/b&gt;"],"prefix":"10.5455","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Ali","family":"Aljumaili","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miaad","family":"Alhilali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3407","container-title":["Open Veterinary Journal"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.bibliomed.org\/fulltextpdf.php?mno=286271","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T18:19:35Z","timestamp":1791483575000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.openveterinaryjournal.com\/?mno=286271"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5455\/ovj.2026.v16.i2.16","relation":{},"ISSN":["2226-4485"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2226-4485","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}