{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T15:31:10Z","timestamp":1794324670246,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":168,"publisher":"ScopeMed","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772236800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":58,"URL":"https:\/\/www.openveterinaryjournal.com\/?sec=licenseinfo"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5455\/ovj.2026.v16.i2.51","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T12:03:12Z","timestamp":1772280192000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["<b>Influence of photoperiod on testicular activity in rams: Comparative reproductive, hormonal, and histological insights across seasons<\/b>"],"prefix":"10.5455","member":"3407","reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"Tala'a, A.A. and Hamdi, Y . 2023. Histomorphometric"},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"study of seminiferous tubules and epididymis in"},{"key":"ref3","unstructured":"adult ram. Univ. Thi-Qar J. Agri. Res. 12, 206\u2013217. Abd-Elmaksoud, A., Shoeib, M.B. and Marei, H.E.S."},{"key":"ref4","unstructured":"2014. Localization of S-100 proteins in the testis"},{"key":"ref5","unstructured":"and epididymis of poultry and rabbits. Anatomy"},{"key":"ref6","unstructured":"Cell. Biol. 47, 180\u2013187."},{"key":"ref7","unstructured":"Abecia, J.A., Forcada, F. and Gonz\u00e1lez-Bulnes, A."},{"key":"ref8","unstructured":"2012. Hormonal control of reproduction in small"},{"key":"ref9","unstructured":"ruminants. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 130, 173\u2013179."},{"key":"ref10","unstructured":"Aboul-Ela, M.B., Aboul-Naga, A.M., Shalaby, T.H."},{"key":"ref11","unstructured":"and Maijala, K. 1987. Physiological response"},{"key":"ref12","unstructured":"to climatic changes in Finnish Landrace ewes"},{"key":"ref13","unstructured":"imported to Egypt and their half-sibs raised in"},{"key":"ref14","unstructured":"Finland. Livestock. Prod. Sci. 17, 179\u2013185."},{"key":"ref15","unstructured":"Aboul-Naga, A.M., Aboul-Ela, M.B. and Hassan,"},{"key":"ref16","unstructured":"F. 1992. Manipulation of reproductive activity"},{"key":"ref17","unstructured":"in subtropical sheep. Small. Ruminant. Res. 7,"},{"key":"ref18","unstructured":"Ahmadi, B., Lau, C.P.S., Giffin, J., Santos, N., Hahnel,"},{"key":"ref19","unstructured":"A., Raeside, J., Christie, H. and Bartlewski, P."},{"key":"ref20","unstructured":"2012. Suitability of epididymal and testicular"},{"key":"ref21","unstructured":"ultrasonography and computerized image analysis"},{"key":"ref22","unstructured":"for assessment of current and future semen quality"},{"key":"ref23","unstructured":"in the ram. Exp. Biol. Med. 237, 186\u2013193."},{"key":"ref24","unstructured":"Ahmed, N. and Noakes, D. 1995. Seasonal variation"},{"key":"ref25","unstructured":"in testes size, libido and plasma testosterone"},{"key":"ref26","unstructured":"concentration in British goat. Anim. Sci. 61,"},{"key":"ref27","unstructured":"Ahmed, A. 2008. Biological evaluation of Barki sheep"},{"key":"ref28","unstructured":"under two different breeding seasons. Egypt. J."},{"key":"ref29","unstructured":"Anim. Prod. 45, 15\u201324."},{"key":"ref30","unstructured":"Al-Mahmodi, A. 2018. Microscopical and biometrical"},{"key":"ref31","unstructured":"investigations of the testes in adult ram and adult"},{"key":"ref32","unstructured":"buck in Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf Province."},{"key":"ref33","unstructured":"Amselgruber, W.M., Sinowatz, F. and Erhard, M. 1994."},{"key":"ref34","unstructured":"Differential distribution of immunoreactive S-100"},{"key":"ref35","unstructured":"protein in mammalian testis. Histochemistry 102,"},{"key":"ref36","unstructured":"Andrade, A.K.G., Soares, A.T., Freitas, F.F., Silva,"},{"key":"ref37","unstructured":"S., Pe\u00f1a-Alfaro, C.E., Batista, A. and Guerra, M."},{"key":"ref38","unstructured":"2014. Testicular and epididymal ultrasonography in"},{"key":"ref39","unstructured":"Santa In\u00eas lambs raised in Brazil. Anim. Reprod."},{"key":"ref40","unstructured":"11, 110\u2013118."},{"key":"ref41","unstructured":"Belkhiri, Y ., Bouzebda-Afri, F., Bouzebda, Z. and"},{"key":"ref42","unstructured":"Djaout, A. 2017. Testicular morphometric"},{"key":"ref43","unstructured":"measurements of Ouled Djellal lambs from birth to"},{"key":"ref44","unstructured":"puberty. Global Veterinaria 18, 85\u201391."},{"key":"ref45","unstructured":"Camela, E.S.C., Nociti, R.P., Santos, V .J.C., Macente,"},{"key":"ref46","unstructured":"B.I., Maciel, G.S., Feliciano, M.A.R., Vicente,"},{"key":"ref47","unstructured":"W.R.R., Gill, I., Bartlewski, P.M. and Oliveira,"},{"key":"ref48","unstructured":"M.E.F. 2017. Ultrasonographic characteristics of"},{"key":"ref49","unstructured":"accessory sex glands and spectral Doppler indices"},{"key":"ref50","unstructured":"of the internal iliac arteries in peri- and post-pubertal"},{"key":"ref51","unstructured":"Dorper rams raised in a subtropical climate. Anim."},{"key":"ref52","unstructured":"Reprod. Sci. 184, 29\u201335."},{"key":"ref53","unstructured":"Chandolia, R.K., Bartlewski, P.M., Omeke, B.C.,"},{"key":"ref54","unstructured":"Beard, A.P., Rawlings, N.C. and Pierson, R.A. 1997."},{"key":"ref55","unstructured":"Ultrasonography of the developing reproductive"},{"key":"ref56","unstructured":"tract in ram lambs: effects of a GnRH agonist."},{"key":"ref57","unstructured":"Theriogenology 48, 99\u2013117."},{"key":"ref58","unstructured":"http:\/\/www.openveterinaryjournal.com"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. M. Elgebaly et al.  Open Veterinary Journal , (2026), V ol. 16(2): 1351-1360","DOI":"10.5455\/OVJ.2026.v16.i2.51"},{"key":"ref60","unstructured":"1360Edwards, J.F. 2008. Pathologic conditions of the"},{"key":"ref61","unstructured":"stallion reproductive tract. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 107,"},{"key":"ref62","unstructured":"Elbaz, H.T. and Abdel Razek, E.M. 2019."},{"key":"ref63","unstructured":"Ultrasonographic measurements of reproductive"},{"key":"ref64","unstructured":"organs of male goat during non-breeding season."},{"key":"ref65","unstructured":"PSM. Vet. Res. 4, 13\u201323."},{"key":"ref66","unstructured":"Elzoghby, E., Sosa, G. and Hussein, M. 2014. Postnatal"},{"key":"ref67","unstructured":"development of the sheep testis. Benha. Vet. Med."},{"key":"ref68","unstructured":"J. 26, 186\u2013190."},{"key":"ref69","unstructured":"Fthenakis, G., Gouletsou, P., Mavrogianni, V . and"},{"key":"ref70","unstructured":"Fragkou, I. 2010. Sheep diagnostic medicine. Small"},{"key":"ref71","unstructured":"Ruminant Res. 92(1), 1."},{"key":"ref72","unstructured":"Gnemmi, G. and Lefebvre, R.C. 2009. Ultrasound"},{"key":"ref73","unstructured":"imaging of the bull reproductive tract: an important"},{"key":"ref74","unstructured":"field of expertise for veterinarians. Vet. Clin. North"},{"key":"ref75","unstructured":"Am. Food Anim. Pract. 25, 767\u2013779."},{"key":"ref76","unstructured":"Gouletsou, P.G. 2017. Ultrasonographic examination"},{"key":"ref77","unstructured":"of the scrotal contents in rams. Small. Ruminant."},{"key":"ref78","unstructured":"Res. 152, 100\u2013106."},{"key":"ref79","unstructured":"Gouletsou, P.G. and Fthenakis, G.C. 2010. Clinical"},{"key":"ref80","unstructured":"evaluation of reproductive ability of rams. Small."},{"key":"ref81","unstructured":"Ruminant. Res. 92, 45\u201351."},{"key":"ref82","unstructured":"Gouletsou, P.G., Amiridis, G.S., Cripps, P.J., Lainas,"},{"key":"ref83","unstructured":"T., Deligiannis, K., Saratsis, P. and Fthenakis, G.C."},{"key":"ref84","unstructured":"2003. Ultrasonographic appearance of clinically"},{"key":"ref85","unstructured":"healthy testicles and epididymides of rams."},{"key":"ref86","unstructured":"Theriogenology 59, 1959\u20131972."},{"key":"ref87","unstructured":"Hulet, C.V ., Shupe, W.L., Ross, T. and Richards,"},{"key":"ref88","unstructured":"W. 1986. Effects of nutritional environment and"},{"key":"ref89","unstructured":"ram effect on breeding season in range sheep."},{"key":"ref90","unstructured":"Theriogenology 25, 317\u2013323."},{"key":"ref91","unstructured":"Islam, A.B.M.M. and Land, R.B. 1977. Seasonal"},{"key":"ref92","unstructured":"variation in testis diameter and sperm output of"},{"key":"ref93","unstructured":"rams of breeds of different prolificacy. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref94","unstructured":"25, 311\u2013317."},{"key":"ref95","unstructured":"Karagiannidis, A., Varsakeli, S. and Karatzas, G. 2000."},{"key":"ref96","unstructured":"Characteristics and seasonal variations in semen of"},{"key":"ref97","unstructured":"Alpine, Saanen and Damascus goat bucks born and"},{"key":"ref98","unstructured":"raised in Greece. Theriogenology 53, 1285\u20131293."},{"key":"ref99","unstructured":"Kaulfuss, K.H., Giucci, E., S\u00fcss, R. and W\u00f3jtowski,"},{"key":"ref100","unstructured":"J. 2006. An ultrasonographic method to study"},{"key":"ref101","unstructured":"reproductive seasonality in ewes isolated from"},{"key":"ref102","unstructured":"rams. Reprod. Domest. Anim. 41, 416\u2013422."},{"key":"ref103","unstructured":"Kunavongkrit, A., Suriyasomboon, A., Lundeheim, N.,"},{"key":"ref104","unstructured":"Heard, T.W. and Einarsson, S. 2005. Management"},{"key":"ref105","unstructured":"and sperm production of boars under differing"},{"key":"ref106","unstructured":"environmental conditions. Theriogenology 63,"},{"key":"ref107","unstructured":"Moore, B.W. 1965. A soluble protein characteristic of"},{"key":"ref108","unstructured":"the nervous system. Biochem. Biophysical Res."},{"key":"ref109","unstructured":"Commun. 19, 739\u2013744."},{"key":"ref110","unstructured":"Perez, C.R., Lopez, A., Castrillejo, A., Bielli, A.,"},{"key":"ref111","unstructured":"Laborde, D., Gastei, T., Tagle, R., Queirolo, D.,"},{"key":"ref112","unstructured":"Franco, J., Forsberg, M. and Rodriguez-Martinez,"},{"key":"ref113","unstructured":"H. 1997. Reproductive seasonality of Corriedale"},{"key":"ref114","unstructured":"rams under extensive rearing conditions. Acta. Vet."},{"key":"ref115","unstructured":"Scand. 38, 109\u2013117. Ribeiro , M.D.S., Quirino, C.R., Bartholazzi Junior,"},{"key":"ref116","unstructured":"A. and Pacheco, A. 2017. Biometry and ultrasound"},{"key":"ref117","unstructured":"evaluation of testicles and accessory glands in"},{"key":"ref118","unstructured":"Santa Ines rams. Revista Brasileira De Zootecnia"},{"key":"ref119","unstructured":"46, 317\u2013323."},{"key":"ref120","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez, H., Espinoza, O., Sarabia, L., Tamayo, C.,"},{"key":"ref121","unstructured":"Sep\u00falveda, M., Inostroza Escobar, J., Araya, J. and"},{"key":"ref122","unstructured":"Moriguchi, K. 2008. Histological and functional"},{"key":"ref123","unstructured":"organization in human testicle: expression of"},{"key":"ref124","unstructured":"receptors c-kit and androgens."},{"key":"ref125","unstructured":"Rosa, H.J.D. and Bryant, M.J. 2003. Seasonality of"},{"key":"ref126","unstructured":"reproduction in sheep. Small. Ruminant. Res. 48,"},{"key":"ref127","unstructured":"Sanad, N.H., Abbas, H.R., Yaseen, A.A., Habeeb, I.A."},{"key":"ref128","unstructured":"and Alsalim, H.A. 2021. Hormonal, histological"},{"key":"ref129","unstructured":"and comparative study of the effect of pure ginseng"},{"key":"ref130","unstructured":"on testicular function in the breeding\/non-breeding"},{"key":"ref131","unstructured":"season of rams in Basrah. Arch. Razi. Inst. 76,"},{"key":"ref132","unstructured":"Sargison , N., Crilly, J. and Hopker, A. 2018. Practical"},{"key":"ref133","unstructured":"Lambing and Lamb Care: a Veterinary GuideOX4"},{"key":"ref134","unstructured":"2DQ, UK: Oxford."},{"key":"ref135","unstructured":"Sikarwar, V .S., Ma\u0161l\u00e1ni, A., Hl., na, M., Fathi, J.,"},{"key":"ref136","unstructured":"Mates, T., Poho\u0159el\u00fd, M., Meers, E., \u0160yc, M. and"},{"key":"ref137","unstructured":"Jeremi\u00e1\u0161, M. 2022. Thermal plasma-assisted"},{"key":"ref138","unstructured":"pyrolysis and gasification of RDF by utilizing"},{"key":"ref139","unstructured":"sequestered CO2 as gasifying agent. J. CO2."},{"key":"ref140","unstructured":"Utilization. 66, 102275."},{"key":"ref141","unstructured":"Suvarna, K.S., Layton, C. and Bancroft, J.D. 2018."},{"key":"ref142","unstructured":"Bancroft\u2019s Theory and Practice of Histological"},{"key":"ref143","unstructured":"Techniques. Amesterdam, Holand: Elsevier."},{"key":"ref144","unstructured":"Swelum, A.A., Ayadi, M., Alhidary, I., Alowaimer,"},{"key":"ref145","unstructured":"A. and Abouheif, M. 2017. Relationships"},{"key":"ref146","unstructured":"between body fatness, leptin, testosterone and"},{"key":"ref147","unstructured":"reproductive performance in ram lambs as"},{"key":"ref148","unstructured":"affected by level and frequency of feeding."},{"key":"ref149","unstructured":"Theriogenology 89, 79\u201385."},{"key":"ref150","unstructured":"Todini, L., Malfatti, A., Terzano, G.M., Borghese,"},{"key":"ref151","unstructured":"A., Pizzillo, M. and Debenedetti, A. 2007."},{"key":"ref152","unstructured":"Seasonality of plasma testosterone in males of four"},{"key":"ref153","unstructured":"Mediterranean goat breeds and in three different"},{"key":"ref154","unstructured":"climatic conditions. Theriogenology 67, 627\u2013631."},{"key":"ref155","unstructured":"Zaher, H., Alawaash, S. and Swelum, A. 2020. Effects"},{"key":"ref156","unstructured":"of season and breed on reproductive performance of"},{"key":"ref157","unstructured":"sheep. J. Anim. Reprod. Biotechnol. 35, 149\u2013154."},{"key":"ref158","unstructured":"Zamiri, M.J., Khalili, B., Jafaroghli, M. and Farshad,"},{"key":"ref159","unstructured":"A. 2010. Seasonal variation in seminal parameters,"},{"key":"ref160","unstructured":"testicular size and plasma testosterone concentration"},{"key":"ref161","unstructured":"in Iranian Moghani rams. Small Ruminant Res. 94,"},{"key":"ref162","unstructured":"Zarei, M.A., Farshad, A. and Akhondzade, S. 2009."},{"key":"ref163","unstructured":"Variations in thyroidal activity during estrous"},{"key":"ref164","unstructured":"cycle and natural breeding season in Markhoz goat"},{"key":"ref165","unstructured":"breeds. Pak. J. Biol. Sci. 12, 1420\u20131424."},{"key":"ref166","unstructured":"Zimmer, D.B., Cornwall, E.H., Landar, A. and Song,"},{"key":"ref167","unstructured":"W. 1995. The S100 protein family: history, function"},{"key":"ref168","unstructured":"and expression. Brain Res. Bull. 37, 417\u2013429."}],"container-title":["Open Veterinary Journal"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.bibliomed.org\/fulltextpdf.php?mno=301026","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T10:15:44Z","timestamp":1793096144000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.openveterinaryjournal.com\/?mno=301026"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":168,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5455\/ovj.2026.v16.i2.51","relation":{},"ISSN":["2226-4485"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2226-4485","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}