{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T22:42:24Z","timestamp":1783636944945,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Academy of Management","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AMLE"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"DOI":"10.5465\/amle.2022.0107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]],"date-time":"2023-02-13T16:03:35Z","timestamp":1676304215000},"page":"641-661","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":104,"title":["What Can We Know about the Effectiveness of Coaching?\u00a0A Meta-Analysis Based Only on Randomized\u00a0Controlled Trials"],"prefix":"10.5465","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Erik","family":"de Haan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hult International Business School and VU University Amsterdam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viktor O.","family":"Nilsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian School of Economics and Hult International Business School"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3433","reference":[{"key":"b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2110","DOI":"10.1080\/09585190903178054","volume":"20","author":"Agarwal R.","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal of Human Resource Management"},{"key":"b400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsurg.2018.04.003","volume":"75","author":"Alameddine M. B.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Surgical Education"},{"key":"b2","first-page":"80","volume":"16","author":"Allan J.","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Evidence Based Coaching and Mentoring"},{"key":"b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1123\/jsep.22.1.63","volume":"22","author":"Amorose A. J.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology"},{"key":"b4","first-page":"277","volume":"21","author":"Anthony A.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Technology and Teacher Education"},{"key":"b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leaqua.2017.11.004","volume":"29","author":"Athanasopoulou A.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Leadership Quarterly"},{"key":"b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000001214","volume":"262","author":"Bonrath E. M.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annals of Surgery"},{"key":"b401","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.7758\/9781610448864.23","volume-title":"The handbook of research synthesis and meta-analysis","author":"Borenstein M.","year":"2019","edition":"3"},{"key":"b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Borenstein, M., Hedges, L. V., Higgins, J. P. T. & Rothstein, H. R. 2009. Introduction to meta-analysis. New York, NY: Wiley.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470743386"},{"key":"b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.12","volume":"1","author":"Borenstein M.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Research Synthesis Methods"},{"key":"b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-013-0377-7","volume":"14","author":"Borenstein M.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prevention Science"},{"key":"b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1108\/02621711011084231","volume":"29","author":"Boyce L. A.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Management Development"},{"key":"b402","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1037\/cpb0000044","volume":"67","author":"Bozer G.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Consulting Psychology Journal"},{"key":"b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1108\/02621711311318319","volume":"32","author":"Bozer G.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Management Development"},{"key":"b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1108\/PR-10-2013-0171","volume":"43","author":"Bozer G.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Personnel Review"},{"key":"b14","first-page":"17","volume":"15","author":"Burt D.","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Evidence Based Coaching and Mentoring"},{"key":"b15","unstructured":"Cohen, J. 1988. Statistical power analysis for the behavioural sciences. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum."},{"key":"b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1080\/10503307.2019.1649732","volume":"30","author":"Cuijpers P.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychotherapy Research"},{"key":"b17","unstructured":"De Haan, E. 2008. Relational coaching: Journeys towards mastering one-to-one learning. Chichester, U.K. Wiley."},{"key":"b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Haan, E. 2021. What works in executive coaching: Understanding outcomes through quantitative research and practice-based evidence. New York, NY: Routledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003127055"},{"key":"b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1037\/cpb0000058","volume":"68","author":"De Haan E.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Consulting Psychology Journal"},{"key":"b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5465\/amle.2018.0158","volume":"18","author":"De Haan E.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Academy of Management Learning & Education"},{"key":"b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1037\/cpb0000175","volume":"72","author":"De Haan E.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Consulting Psychology Journal"},{"key":"b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0b013e3181651584","volume":"50","author":"Duijts S. F. A.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine"},{"key":"b24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0006-341X.2000.00455.x","volume":"56","author":"Duval S.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2019.2425","volume":"179","author":"Dyrbye L. N.","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Internal Medicine"},{"key":"b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ellis, P. D. 2010. The essential guide to effect sizes: Statistical power, meta-analysis, and the interpretation of research results. Cambridge, U.K. Cambridge University Press.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511761676"},{"key":"b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leaqua.2010.06.003","volume":"21","author":"Ely K.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Leadership Quarterly"},{"key":"b29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.580351","volume":"12","author":"Erd\u00f6s T.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"b32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1111\/apps.12260","volume":"70","author":"Fontes A.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Applied Psychology"},{"key":"b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1177\/0021886315576407","volume":"51","author":"Gessnitzer S.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Behavioral Science"},{"key":"b34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1108\/JEA-10-2013-0113","volume":"52","author":"Goff P.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Administration"},{"key":"b36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.53841\/bpsicpr.2012.7.2.146","volume":"7","author":"Grant A. M.","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Coaching Psychology Review"},{"key":"b37","first-page":"18","volume":"7","author":"Grant A. M.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Coaching"},{"key":"b38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1080\/17439760902992456","volume":"4","author":"Grant A. M.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Positive Psychology"},{"key":"b39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1037\/a0019212","volume":"62","author":"Grant A. M.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Consulting Psychology Journal"},{"key":"b40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1108\/EJTD-01-2019-0011","volume":"43","author":"Gray D. E.","year":"2019","journal-title":"European Journal of Training and Development"},{"key":"b41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.53841\/bpsicpr.2007.2.1.24","volume":"2","author":"Green L. S.","year":"2007","journal-title":"International Coaching Psychology Review"},{"key":"b42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1080\/17439760600619849","volume":"1","author":"Green L. S.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Positive Psychology"},{"key":"b43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0159137","volume":"11","author":"Grover S.","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"b44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3875","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1009","volume":"20","author":"Hartung J.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Statistics in Medicine"},{"key":"b45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1186","volume":"21","author":"Higgins J.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Statistics in Medicine"},{"key":"b46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1177\/1049731514562285","volume":"26","author":"Hoven H.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Research on Social Work Practice"},{"key":"b404","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/s10755-020-09533-7","volume":"46","author":"Howlett M. A.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Innovative Higher Education"},{"key":"b47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1037\/cpb0000012","volume":"66","author":"Ianiro P. M.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Consulting Psychology Journal"},{"key":"b48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1007\/s10869-014-9374-5","volume":"30","author":"Ianiro P. M.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Business and Psychology"},{"key":"b49","first-page":"25","volume":"6","author":"Ianiro P. M.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Coaching"},{"key":"b50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-14-25","volume":"14","author":"IntHout J.","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Medical Research Methodology"},{"key":"b51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1111\/joop.12119","volume":"89","author":"Jones R. J.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology"},{"key":"b52","first-page":"184","volume":"14","author":"Junker S.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Coaching"},{"key":"b53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1177\/1094428112452760","volume":"15","author":"Kepes S.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Organizational Research Methods"},{"key":"b54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1177\/0021886315574884","volume":"51","author":"Kim S.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Behavioral Science"},{"key":"b55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1177\/1548051809352663","volume":"17","author":"Kochanowski S.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies"},{"key":"b56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.00862","volume":"7","author":"Koole S. L.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"b57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1080\/00091383.2018.1507370","volume":"50","author":"LeBlanc P. J.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning"},{"key":"b58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1037\/1065-9293.60.1.57","volume":"60","author":"Liljenstrand A. M.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Consulting Psychology Journal"},{"key":"b59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.00629","volume":"7","author":"Losch S.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"b60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1037\/a0036601","volume":"19","author":"McGonagle A. K.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Occupational Health Psychology"},{"key":"b61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1037\/ocp0000180","volume":"25","author":"McGonagle A. K.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Occupational Health Psychology"},{"key":"b62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.72.6.1050","volume":"72","author":"Miller W. R.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"b63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1177\/1094428106291059","volume":"11","author":"Morris S. B.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Organizational Research Methods"},{"key":"b64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0205315","volume":"13","author":"Niglio de Figueiredo M.","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"b65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.53841\/bpsicpr.2012.7.2.166","volume":"7","author":"Passmore J.","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Coaching Psychology Review"},{"key":"b66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.53841\/bpstcp.2012.8.1.20","volume":"8","author":"Passmore J.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Coaching Psychologist"},{"key":"b68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.9774\/GLEAF.3709.2015.oc.00005","volume":"20","author":"Poluka L. A.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Management and Entrepreneurship"},{"key":"b69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1037\/a0023419","volume":"79","author":"Ramseyer F.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"b70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1177\/1088868308315702","volume":"12","author":"Sbarra D. A.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Personality and Social Psychology Review"},{"key":"b71","first-page":"40","volume":"7","author":"Schwarzer G.","year":"2007","journal-title":"R News"},{"key":"b72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3153","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1262","volume":"21","author":"Sidik K.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Statistics in Medicine"},{"key":"b73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000000857","volume":"261","author":"Singh P.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annals of Surgery"},{"key":"b74","first-page":"73","volume":"8","author":"Sonesh S. C.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Coaching"},{"key":"b75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1080\/17439760701228896","volume":"2","author":"Spence G. B.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Positive Psychology"},{"key":"b405","first-page":"123","volume":"4","author":"Stelter R.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Coaching"},{"key":"b76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.114.145565","volume":"207","author":"Stiles W. B.","year":"2015","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"b77","first-page":"439","volume":"5","author":"Stiles W. B.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice"},{"key":"b78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14537","volume":"1483","author":"Stoeger H.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"b79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-0597.2004.00171.x","volume":"53","author":"Sue-Chan C.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Applied Psychology"},{"key":"b80","first-page":"34","volume":"34","author":"Taie E. S.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal for Quality and Participation"},{"key":"b82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.53841\/bpsicpr.2017.12.2.125","volume":"12","author":"Tee D.","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Coaching Psychology Review"},{"key":"b406","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2016.00194","volume":"4","author":"Telle N. T.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Frontiers in Public Health"},{"key":"b83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/17439760.2013.837499","volume":"9","author":"Theeboom T.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Positive Psychology"},{"key":"b84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5465\/ambpp.2005.18779257","volume":"2005","author":"Toegel G.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Academy of Management Proceedings"},{"key":"b86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lindif.2014.01.003","volume":"32","author":"Vecchione M.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Learning and Individual Differences"},{"key":"b87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v036.i03","volume":"36","author":"Viechtbauer W.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Statistical Software"},{"key":"b88","volume":"3","author":"Viering S.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Frontiers in Public Health"},{"key":"b89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1037\/cpb0000212","volume":"74","author":"Wasylyshyn K. M.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Consulting Psychology Journal"},{"key":"b90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Watson, J. C. & Wiseman, H. E. 2021. The responsive psychotherapist: Attuning to clients in the moment. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.","DOI":"10.1037\/0000240-000"},{"key":"b91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1037\/cou0000405","volume":"67","author":"Wieder G.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Counseling Psychology"},{"key":"b92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1037\/cpb0000115","volume":"70","author":"Williams J. S.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Consulting Psychology Journal"},{"key":"b93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5465\/amle.2017.0449"},{"key":"b94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.00405","volume":"11","author":"Zanchetta M.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"b95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1026\/0932-4089\/a000327","volume":"64","author":"Zimmermann L. C.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie"}],"container-title":["Academy of Management Learning &amp; Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,13]],"date-time":"2023-12-13T16:27:05Z","timestamp":1702484825000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.aom.org\/doi\/full\/10.5465\/amle.2022.0107"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"references-count":92,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.5465\/amle.2022.0107"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5465\/amle.2022.0107","relation":{},"ISSN":["1537-260X","1944-9585"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1537-260X","type":"print"},{"value":"1944-9585","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}}}