{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T21:37:59Z","timestamp":1780695479126,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Korean Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,24]],"date-time":"2021-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632441600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ogscience.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Obstet Gynecol Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>ObjectiveTo determine the incidence of endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial cancer (EH\/EC) in low-risk premenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) undergoing endometrial biopsy and to build a predictive model that includes clinical variables for predicting EH\/EC in these women.MethodsThis retrospective study was conducted between January 2015 and March 2020. All premenopausal women aged &lt;55 years with AUB who underwent endometrial sampling during a specified time period were included. Data regarding baseline characteristics, sonographic findings, and histological reports were collected from patient record sheets.ResultsDuring the specified time period, 1,089 premenopausal women underwent endometrial biopsy for AUB. Complete data analysis was done for 1,084 women. Of the endometrial samples, 95.3% revealed benign pathology, whereas 4.7% of the samples had major endometrial pathology EH\/EC. On step-wise logistic regression analysis, intermenstrual bleeding (IMB) (OR, 3.15), body mass index (BMI) &gt;25 kg\/m2 (odds ratio [OR], 4.4705), age &gt;40 years (OR, 1.14), endometrial thickness (ET) &gt;13 mm (OR, 2.59), and hypothyroidism (OR, 1.35) were significantly associated with EH\/ EC. Considering the pretest probability for an EH\/EC of 4.7%, this prediction model with a likelihood ratio of 14.2% demonstrated a post-test probability of 41% in the presence of the above-mentioned variables.ConclusionThe risk of EH\/EC was lower in low-risk premenopausal women with AUB. However, premenopausal women with IMB aged &gt;40 years, hypothyroidism, BMI &gt;25 kg\/m2, and thickened endometrium (ET &gt;13 mm) are at high risk of EH\/EC; therefore, endometrial biopsy should be considered early in their management plan.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5468\/ogs.21150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,24]],"date-time":"2021-09-24T02:04:54Z","timestamp":1632449094000},"page":"517-523","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5468\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Rate of premalignant and malignant endometrial lesion in \u201clow-risk\u201d premenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding undergoing endometrial biopsy"],"prefix":"10.5468","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4349-1589","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sangam","family":"Jha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akanksha","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hemali Heidi","family":"Sinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Poonam","family":"Bhadani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Anant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mukta","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3425","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/17474108.4.2.179"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2010.11.011"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2009.05.001"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2009.02.005"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2009.24.1315"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1701-2163(15)30939-7"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"197","volume-title":"Practice bulletin no. 128: diagnosis of abnormal uterine bleeding in reproductive-aged women","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1396256"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"598.e1","volume-title":"Body mass index trumps age in decision for endometrial biopsy: cohort study of symptomatic premenopausal women","author":"Wise","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9378(99)70487-4"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/8598152"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"13","volume-title":"Rate of significant endometrial pathology in women at low risk for endometrial hyperplasia or cancer presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding","author":"Sattanakho","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0232231"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.14385"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0801353"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-016-4043-8"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14336\/ad.2018.0224"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5468\/ogs.2019.62.6.445"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"139","volume-title":"Endometrial cancer and hyperplasia rate in women before menopause with abnormal uterine bleeding undergoing endometrial sampling","author":"Gawron","year":"2017"}],"container-title":["Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/ogscience.org\/upload\/pdf\/ogs-21150.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/ogscience.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.5468\/ogs.21150","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/ogscience.org\/upload\/pdf\/ogs-21150.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,12]],"date-time":"2021-11-12T04:33:57Z","timestamp":1636691637000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/ogscience.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.5468\/ogs.21150"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5468\/ogs.21150","relation":{},"ISSN":["2287-8580"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2287-8580","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-05-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-09-07","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-09-24","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published online","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-11-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Print publication","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}