{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T23:45:20Z","timestamp":1791848720444,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Korean Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697500800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ogscience.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Obstet Gynecol Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective Uterine leiomyoma is a common gynecological condition that negatively affects women\u2019s quality of life. Vitamin D plays an important role in tumor development and progression. However, clinical studies comparing serum vitamin D levels between women with and without uterine leiomyomas are limited and inconclusive. This study aimed to compare serum vitamin D levels in women with and without uterine leiomyomas.Methods This hospital-based case-control study included 150 women who visited a gynecological clinic. The cases included 75 women with uterine leiomyoma, whereas the controls included 75 age-and parity-matched participants without uterine leiomyoma. Serum vitamin D levels were measured in each participant and volumes of the uterine leiomyomas were determined using the water displacement method following myomectomy. The statistical significance was inferred at &lt;i&gt;P&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;0.05.Results The mean serum vitamin D level was 15.26\u00b14.96 ng\/mL and 22.45\u00b16.93 ng\/mL for the case and control groups, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (&lt;i&gt;t&lt;\/i&gt;-value -7.302 and &lt;i&gt;P&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;0.001). Within the fibroid group, nine (12.0%), 49 (65.33%), and 17 (22.67%) participants had vitamin D deficiency, insufficiency, and sufficiency, respectively; and in the control group, two (2.67%), 24 (45.33%), and 39 (52.0%) participants had vitamin D deficiency, insufficiency, and sufficiency, respectively. There was significant negative correlation between the fibroid volume and the serum vitamin D level (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;\/i&gt;=-0.591, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;0.001).Conclusion Women with uterine leiomyoma had lower vitamin D levels than women in the control group. Lower vitamin D levels were associated with larger fibroid masses. Therefore, vitamin D supplementation may reduce fibroid growth and development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5468\/ogs.23143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T23:54:14Z","timestamp":1697586854000},"page":"101-111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5468\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Association between serum vitamin D status and uterine leiomyomas: a case-control study"],"prefix":"10.5468","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5772-661X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chukwuemeka Chukwubuikem","family":"Okoro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Okechukwu Christian","family":"Ikpeze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George Uchenna","family":"Eleje","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerald Okanandu","family":"Udigwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chukwuemeka Okwudili","family":"Ezeama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph Odirichukwu","family":"Ugboaja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chukwunonso Isaiah","family":"Enechukwu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osita Samuel","family":"Umeononihu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chukwudi Anthony","family":"Ogabido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte Blanche","family":"Oguejiofor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tobechi Kingsley","family":"Njoku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard Obinwanne","family":"Egeonu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chigozie Geoffrey","family":"Okafor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hillary Ikechukwu","family":"Obiagwu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chukwudubem Chinagorom","family":"Onyejiaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afam Ben","family":"Obidike","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian Ejike","family":"Onah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ifeanyi","family":"Uzukwu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amarachukwu Doris","family":"Okoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evaristus Chino","family":"Ezema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adaobi Maryann","family":"Ibekwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph Ifeanyichukwu","family":"Ikechebelu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3425","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmt058"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1596-2393.158926"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/whe.14.24"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/ijwh.s51083"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2141-9248.105656"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"271","volume-title":"Uterine leiomyomata in South Western Nigeria: a clinical study of presentations and management outcome","author":"Okogbo","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-486x.12137"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/tjog.tjog_71_18"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1348896"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.05.031"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"9","volume-title":"Review of the clinical presentation of uterine fibroid and the effect of therapeutic intervention on fertility","author":"Ekine","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"126","volume-title":"Vitamin D deficiency and risk of uterine leiomyoma among congolese women. A hospital-based case-control study","author":"Ingala","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ede.0b013e31828acca0"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2013.08.011"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/173184"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0331-8540.176207"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"93","volume-title":"Serum vitamin D3 level inversely correlates with uterine fibroid volume in different ethnic groups: a cross-sectional observational study","author":"Sabry","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-1777"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2020.101159"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"125","volume-title":"The effect of vitamin D supplementation on the size of uterine leiomyoma in women with vitamin D deficiency","author":"Hajhashemi","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0029-7844(97)00534-6"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"009","volume-title":"Association between serum hypovitaminosis D and preeclampsia: a nested case-control study","author":"Okoro","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"E754","volume-title":"1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 reduces TGF-beta3-induced fibrosis-related gene expression in human uterine leiomyoma cells","author":"Halder","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2010.07.1041"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/det265"},{"key":"ref26","volume-title":"","year":"c2014"},{"key":"ref27","volume-title":"","year":"c2008"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4065\/mcp.2010.0567"},{"key":"ref29","volume-title":"","author":"Ross","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/83.2.134"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2015.05.013"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0190-9622(79)70018-1"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/136.4.1126"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2005.077974"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"8249264","volume-title":"The effects of vitamin D supplement on prevention of recurrence of preeclampsia in pregnant women with a history of preeclampsia","author":"Behjat Sasan","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719114537721"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.02.136"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2013.08.036"}],"container-title":["Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/ogscience.org\/upload\/pdf\/ogs-23143.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/ogscience.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.5468\/ogs.23143","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/ogscience.org\/upload\/pdf\/ogs-23143.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,16]],"date-time":"2024-01-16T01:51:21Z","timestamp":1705369881000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/ogscience.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.5468\/ogs.23143"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,15]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5468\/ogs.23143","relation":{},"ISSN":["2287-8580"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2287-8580","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-05-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-08-27","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-10-17","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published online","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-01-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Print publication","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}