{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:46:23Z","timestamp":1787031983517,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Korean Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,15]],"date-time":"2024-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ogscience.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Obstet Gynecol Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to review randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of dietary antioxidant supplements on the severity of endometriosis-related pain symptoms. The PubMed\/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched until April 2022. Additionally, we manually searched the reference lists. Endpoints were summarized as standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in a random-effects model. The I&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;\/sup&gt; statistic was used to assess heterogeneity. Ten RCTs were included in this meta-analysis. Overall, 10 studies were related to dysmenorrhea, four to dyspareunia, and four to pelvic pain. Antioxidants significantly reduced dysmenorrhea (SMD, -0.48; 95% CI, -0.82 to -0.13; I&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;\/sup&gt;=75.14%). In a subgroup analysis, a significant reduction of dysmenorrhea was observed only in a subset of trials that administered vitamin D (SMD, -0.59; 95% CI, -1.13 to -0.06; I&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;\/sup&gt;=69.59%) and melatonin (SMD, -1.40; 95% CI, -2.47 to -0.32; I&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;\/sup&gt;=79.15%). Meta-analysis results also suggested that antioxidant supplementation significantly improved pelvic pain (SMD, -1.51; 95% CI, -2.74 to -0.29; I&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;\/sup&gt;=93.96%), although they seem not to have a significant beneficial impact on the severity of dyspareunia. Dietary antioxidant supplementation seems to beneficially impact the severity of endometriosis-related dysmenorrhea (with an emphasis on vitamin D and melatonin) and pelvic pain. However, due to the relatively small sample size and high heterogeneity, the findings should be interpreted cautiously, and the importance of further well-designed clinical studies cannot be overstated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5468\/ogs.23210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,15]],"date-time":"2024-01-15T01:04:49Z","timestamp":1705280689000},"page":"186-198","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5468\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["The effect of antioxidant supplementation on dysmenorrhea and endometriosis-associated painful symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical 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