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Currently, six single missense mutations in mice, 12 distinct missense mutations in rats, as well as compound heterozygous or homozygous mutations with up to six distinct missense mutations per Vkorc1 allele have been described. Warfarin resistance missense mutations for human VKORC1 have also been found world-wide, but differ characteristically from those in rodents. In humans, 26 distinct mutations have been characterized, but occur only rarely either in heterozygous or, even rarer, in homozygous form.<\/jats:p><jats:p>In this review, we summarize the known VKORC1 missense mutations causing warfarin and other 4-hydroxycoumarin drug resistance, identify genomics databases as new sources of data, explore possible underlying genetic mechanisms, and summarize similarities and differences between warfarin resistant VKORC1 variants in humans and rodents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5482\/hamo-13-09-0047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,29]],"date-time":"2013-11-29T08:14:44Z","timestamp":1385712884000},"page":"143-159","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Comparative genetics of warfarin resistance"],"prefix":"10.5482","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"C. 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