{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T21:25:59Z","timestamp":1761513959825},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Canadian Urological Association Journal","issue":"1-2S","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CUAJ"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Worldwide, almost 100% of boys are born with penises\u00a0with a \u201chood\u201d called prepuce or foreskin. In the course of the\u00a0boy\u2019s life, the prepuce can be circumcised, can become affected\u00a0by diseased (e.g., phimosis), or a can become infected and hurt\u00a0the neonate (and his sexual partner) in adulthood. The objectives\u00a0of this report are to: 1) review the state, function, fate, and care of\u00a0the prepuce in childhood, with focus on the neonate, in Canada;\u00a02) understand the current practice of childhood male circumcision\u00a0in terms of age, indications, performers, techniques, outcomes,\u00a0and education; and 3) consider ways to sustain a good healthcare\u00a0professional-parental dialogue for safe practices that are accessible,\u00a0acceptable, and culturally sensitive in the care of the prepuce.Methods: A literature review was carried out in the English language\u00a0through the major databases: PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE,\u00a0the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Web of Science (WOS) Core\u00a0Collection, LILAC, WHO\/UNAIDS, Clinical Trials (www.clinicaltrials.gov), Google Scholar, and grey literature. Search words\u00a0included: prepuce, diseases of prepuce, prepuce in the neonate,\u00a0prepuce in the neonate in Canada, male circumcision, childhood\u00a0male circumcision, neonatal circumcision, neonatal circumcisionin Canada, complications of neonatal circumcision in Canada, and\u00a0circumcision adverse events.Results: From 1970\u20121999, three of 10 Canadian newborn males\u00a0were circumcised for religious, cultural, and medical reasons. The\u00a0rest of the neonates, if alive, are living with their prepuce; &lt;4%\u00a0expected to require treatment for afflictions of the prepuce at some\u00a0point. There are several providers of circumcision with different\u00a0levels of training and competencies and using a diversity of devices\u00a0and techniques. Neonatal and childhood circumcision in Canada\u00a0is carried out to fulfill parental wishes, as well as for medical,\u00a0religious, and cultural reasons. Appropriate informed consent and\u00a0education regarding choices of care of the neonatal prepuce and\u00a0genitals are vital.Conclusions: Going by current prevalent rate of circumcision in\u00a0Canada, most Canadian newborn males are likely to live out their\u00a0lives with an intact prepuce. Despite the age-old debate, childhoodcircumcision is likely to remain. There is need for careful and proper\u00a0discussion of the potential risks and benefits, including alternatives,\u00a0costs, and personal\/psychological factors. Acceptance, access, andjudicious choices in a culturally sensitive environment will offer the\u00a0Canadian neonate desirable care of the prepuce for life.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5489\/cuaj.4447","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,16]],"date-time":"2017-02-16T17:08:02Z","timestamp":1487264882000},"page":"55","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Prepuce health and childhood circumcision: Choices in Canada"],"prefix":"10.5489","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Emmanuel O.","family":"Abara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3456","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,16]]},"container-title":["Canadian Urological Association Journal"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.cuaj.ca\/index.php\/journal\/article\/viewFile\/4447\/3017","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.cuaj.ca\/index.php\/journal\/article\/viewFile\/4447\/3017","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,1]],"date-time":"2017-08-01T19:51:35Z","timestamp":1501617095000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.cuaj.ca\/index.php\/journal\/article\/view\/4447"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,16]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-2S","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,16]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5489\/cuaj.4447","relation":{},"ISSN":["1920-1214","1911-6470"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1920-1214","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1911-6470","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,16]]}}}