{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T20:14:52Z","timestamp":1793218492831,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World J Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>While several studies have explored the relationship among physical activity (PA), depressive symptoms, and cognitive health, the distinct effects of PA performed for occupational vs  recreational purposes remain underexplored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>AIM<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>To investigate the differential impacts of job-related vs  leisure-related physical activities on depressive symptoms and cognitive function among adults aged 45 years and older in China.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>METHODS<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Data were extracted from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, encompassing 16476 participants. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and cognitive function was evaluated using the Mini-Mental State Examination. PA was categorized by purpose (job-related vs  leisure-related) and intensity (vigorous, moderate, and low), with frequency and duration measured in metabolic equivalent hours per day. An external validation using an independent clinical sample (n  = 200) was conducted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>RESULTS<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Vigorous-intensity PA for job demands (JVPA) was significantly associated with increased depressive symptoms [P  = 0.011, odds ratio (OR) = 1.003], indicating that high-intensity job-related activities may exacerbate mental health issues. Moderate-intensity PA for entertainment or exercise (EMPA) was inversely associated with depressive symptoms (P  = 0.030, OR = 0.999), suggesting that moderate-intensity leisure activities can reduce depressive symptoms. For cognitive function, the total PA for job demands was correlated with cognitive decline (P  = 0.004, OR = 1.008), with the frequency of JVPA showing a positive association. However, EMPA was linked to reduced cognitive decline (P  = 0.018, OR = 0.998).  Clinical validation results were consistent with those obtained from the database, further supporting the reliability of the findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>CONCLUSION<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>JVPA exacerbates depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment, whereas EMPA mitigates depression and supports cognitive health. Targeted interventions promoting leisure-related PA may enhance mental and cognitive well-being in older adults.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5498\/wjp.v16.i2.112235","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T11:46:39Z","timestamp":1769687199000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Differential impacts of job-related\n                    <i>vs<\/i>\n                    leisure-related physical activity on depressive and cognitive function among middle-aged and elderly 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