{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T00:46:43Z","timestamp":1793321203556,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World J Virol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rotaviruses are non-enveloped double-stranded RNA virus that causes acute diarrheal diseases in children (&lt; 5 years). More than 90% of the global rotavirus infection in humans was caused by Rotavirus group A. Rotavirus infection has caused more than 200000 deaths annually and predominantly occurs in the low-income countries. Rotavirus evolution is indicated by the strain dynamics or the emergence of the unprecedented strain. The major factors that drive the rotavirus evolution include the genetic shift that is caused by the reassortment mechanism, either in the intra- or the inter-genogroup. However, other factors are also known to have an impact on rotavirus evolution. This review discusses the structure and types, epidemiology, and evolution of rotaviruses. This article also reviews other supplemental factors of rotavirus evolution, such as genetic reassortment, mutation rate, glycan specificity, vaccine introduction, the host immune responses, and antiviral drugs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5501\/wjv.v13.i2.93774","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]],"date-time":"2024-06-24T05:39:23Z","timestamp":1719207563000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Driving forces of continuing evolution of rotaviruses"],"prefix":"10.5501","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Mohamad Saifudin","family":"Hakim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faris Muhammad","family":"Gazali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suci Ardini","family":"Widyaningsih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Khalid","family":"Parvez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2060","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fvl.12.129"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000478729"},{"key":"B3","unstructured":"Current ICTV taxonomy release. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Accessed March 1, 2024. Available from: https:\/\/ictv.global\/taxonomy"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.83"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2018.07.004"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(21)00311-4"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ1013"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0165826"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2019.03.016"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2018.06.004"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2016.46"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v15030664"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01476-18"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-017-0721-9"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-05098-4"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006707"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2015.0105"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-virology-110615-042152"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-18464-x"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2019.07.015"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.09.028"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-015-0949-0"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2018.10.022"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22034\/ibj.22.1.42"},{"key":"B25","unstructured":"Rotavirus Classification Working Group: RCWG. Laboratory of Viral Metagenomics, KU Leuven. Accessed March 10, 2023. Available from: https:\/\/rega.kuleuven.be\/cev\/viralmetagenomics\/virus-classification\/rcwg"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-011-1006-z"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/3602967"},{"key":"B28","unstructured":"Profil Kesehatan Indonesia Tahun 2020.   Ministry of Health, Indonesia. Accessed March 10, 2023. Available from: https:\/\/www.kemkes.go.id\/app_asset\/file_content_download\/Profil-Kesehatan-Indonesia-2020.pdf"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(19)30207-4"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00940"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v15020292"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2023.05.034"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27806"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10010178"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12560-023-09566-z"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-023-08224-w"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004902"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0211002"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-018-3710-4"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep14658"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1678-9946202062098"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-016-3155-6"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2019.02.014"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02680"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00239-001-0064-3"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.03.035"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2015.04.007"},{"key":"B48","unstructured":"IVAC.   VIEW-hub Report: Global Vaccine Introduction and Implementation. International Vaccine Access Center (IVAC), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health: 2023"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-32595-9"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.02.003"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008521.pub6"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.04.041"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.951127"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.04.025"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.03.069"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-5809-7"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4550-x"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-24511-y"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep36841"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.2733"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.09.022"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.11.068"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.07.037"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2017.09.009"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2019.05.002"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11684-020-0776-7"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000495172"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3787"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3180"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2015.06.004"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0152416"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix310"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-39840-9"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2012.51"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e00519"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2015.01.006"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003064"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.08.031"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad5872"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/erm.2014.2"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v15071541"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001999"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.29384"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00250-18"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0297219"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13337-023-00821-2"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/tp-21-150"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13099-024-00599-8"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2023.116056"}],"container-title":["World Journal of Virology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.wjgnet.com\/2220-3249\/full\/v13\/i2\/93774.htm","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.wjgnet.com\/2220-3249\/full\/v13\/i2\/93774.htm","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]],"date-time":"2024-06-24T05:40:33Z","timestamp":1719207633000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.wjgnet.com\/2220-3249\/full\/v13\/i2\/93774.htm"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,25]]},"references-count":89,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"alternative-id":["93774"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5501\/wjv.v13.i2.93774","relation":{},"ISSN":["2220-3249"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2220-3249","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,25]]}}}