{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T09:17:24Z","timestamp":1769505444016,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World J Virol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>The severe respiratory manifestations observed in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases are often associated with an excessive inflammatory response. Dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid, exerts its anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the transcription of pro-inflammatory genes and suppressing the activity of various immune cells. This mechanism has implications for mitigating the cytokine storm observed in severe COVID-19 cases. Early on in the pandemic, the Recovery Collaborative working group showed a mortality benefit of using dexamethasone in decreasing mortality in patients with COVID-19 requiring respiratory support. However, the optimal dosage of corticosteroids remains debatable. Several studies that compare different doses of dexamethasone in COVID-19 exist, but the results are conflicting.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>AIM<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>To review the latest evidence regarding dosage, safety, and efficacy of dexamethasone in severe COVID-19.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>METHODS<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>We followed preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis guidelines. A detailed literature search was conducted across PubMed, Google Scholar, and Medline to include publications up to March 2024. Our keywords included \u201cCOVID-19\u201d \u201cSARS-CoV-2\u201d \u201cdexamethasone\u201d \u201ccorticosteroid\u201d \u201csteroid\u201d and \u201cglucocorticoid\u201d-along with their combinations. We employed the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale to evaluate the integrity and potential of bias in the included studies. A meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model, assessing pooled odds ratios and mean differences, with heterogeneity gauged by the I 2 statistic and the \u03c7 2 tests.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>RESULTS<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>No statistical differences were found in 28-day all-cause mortality [pooled odds ratio (OR) = 1.109, 95%CI: 0.918-1.340], 60-day all-cause mortality (OR = 0.873, 95%CI: 0.744-1.024; I 2 = 47.29%), mean length of hospital stay (mean difference = -0.08 days, 95%CI: -0.001 to 0.161) and adverse events (OR = 0.877, 95%CI: 0.707-1.087).<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>CONCLUSION<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>Differing doses of corticosteroids have no clinical implications on mortality, mean length of hospital stay, and adverse events in COVID-19 patients. Additional research is required in patients requiring invasive or non-invasive ventilation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5501\/wjv.v13.i3.95709","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,29]],"date-time":"2024-08-29T02:18:01Z","timestamp":1724897881000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Dosage and utilization of dexamethasone in the management of COVID-19: A critical review"],"prefix":"10.5501","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Imran","family":"Sethi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asim","family":"Shaikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Musa","family":"Sethi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hira Khalid","family":"Chohan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheraz","family":"Younus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Syed A","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Salim","family":"Surani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2060","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2021436"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab026"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-016-1135-3"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-023-08280-2"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.18295"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/08850666211066799"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00510-X"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s43440-021-00341-0"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0275217"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02518-2021"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2022.2168"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-022-06677-2"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.31086"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jrpp.jrpp_42_22"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0269368"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-020-04078-1"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.36386"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4266\/acc.2022.00941"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-021-03873-2"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/08850666231177200"}],"container-title":["World Journal of Virology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.wjgnet.com\/2220-3249\/full\/v13\/i3\/95709.htm","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.wjgnet.com\/2220-3249\/full\/v13\/i3\/95709.htm","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,29]],"date-time":"2024-08-29T02:19:07Z","timestamp":1724897947000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.wjgnet.com\/2220-3249\/full\/v13\/i3\/95709.htm"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"alternative-id":["95709"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5501\/wjv.v13.i3.95709","relation":{},"ISSN":["2220-3249"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2220-3249","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]]}}}