{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T01:37:40Z","timestamp":1771378660329,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World J Virol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>For decades, hepatitis A virus (HAV) has been a leading cause of acute hepatitis among children and was less prevalent among adults. However, recently a paradigm shift has been observed in the epidemiology of HAV, as evident by cases of acute hepatitis due to HAV among adults.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>AIM<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>To estimate frequency of HAV in acute viral hepatitis and compare characteristics in HAV and hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>METHODS<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>This was a trend analysis conducted at Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi (Sindh, Pakistan) from February 2024 to May 2024. Individuals aged 18 years and older diagnosed with acute viral hepatitis attributed to hepatotropic viruses in 2024 were reviewed. To compare the trend patients admitted with acute hepatitis during 2019-2023 were also reviewed. Data regarding clinical and laboratory parameters were recorded. The yearly trend of acute hepatitis due to HAV and HEV was analyzed, and comparative analysis was done between HAV and HEV cases among adults.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>RESULTS<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>A total of 396 patients were found to have acute hepatitis during our study duration. HAV was diagnosed in 234 patients (59%) while 157 patients (39.6%) were found to have acute HEV infection. Additionally, acute hepatitis B virus infection was identified in 3 patients (0.7%), whereas acute hepatitis C virus infection was found in 2 (0.5%) cases of acute hepatitis. Yearly trends showed increasing occurrence of HAV infection among adults over last 5 years. The patients with acute HAV were younger than patients with HEV (28 years \u00b1 8 years vs  30 years \u00b1 8 years; P  &lt; 0.01). Higher levels of total bilirubin were seen in HEV infection, while higher levels of alanine transaminase were seen in HAV infection. However, a higher proportion of acute liver failure (ALF), coagulopathy, and mortality were observed in HEV.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>CONCLUSION<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>An increase in acute hepatitis A cases among adults shows less severity than hepatitis E, highlighting the need for better sanitation, hygiene, and adult hepatitis A vaccination programs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5501\/wjv.v14.i1.97482","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]],"date-time":"2024-11-26T09:44:14Z","timestamp":1732614254000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Rising incidence of acute hepatitis A among adults and clinical characteristics in a tertiary care center of Pakistan"],"prefix":"10.5501","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yumna","family":"Shahid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amna Subhan","family":"Butt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iqra","family":"Jamali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Faisal Wasim","family":"Ismail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2060","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","unstructured":"The World Health Organization.   Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals: Hepatitis A. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/immunization\/diseases\/hepatitisA\/en\/"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000149314"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0065-3527(08)60476-5"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.50366"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000252778"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/511074"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1746_21"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinmicnews.2020.10.001"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-019-00270-9"},{"key":"B10","unstructured":"Bosan A, Qureshi H, Bile KM, Ahmad I, Hafiz R. A review of hepatitis viral infections in Pakistan. J Pak Med Assoc 2010; 60: 1045-1058"},{"key":"B11","unstructured":"Ahmed W, Qureshi H, Arif A, Alam SE. Changing trend of viral hepatitis--\"A twenty one year report from Pakistan Medical Research Council Research Centre, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi\". J Pak Med Assoc 2010; 60: 86-89"},{"key":"B12","unstructured":"Waheed-uz-Zaman Tariq, Hussain AB, Hussain T, Anwar M, Ghani E, Asad-ullah. Hepatitis A virus infection -- shifting epidemiology. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2006; 16: 15-18"},{"key":"B13","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Establishment of a viral hepatitis surveillance system-Pakistan, 2009-2011. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2021; 60: 1385-1390"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2019.08.004"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12664-015-0613-0"},{"key":"B16","unstructured":"Schaefer TJ, John S.   Acute Hepatitis. Updated 2022 Jul 18. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, 2023"},{"key":"B17","unstructured":"Shah NJ, Royer A, John S.   Acute Liver Failure. Updated 2023 Apr 7. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, 2024"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v14122737"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-019-0591-z"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0153804"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a031716"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2019.34.e230"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v15091888"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10010060"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2023.03.006"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43066-022-00203-1"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2249-4863.152263"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7417\/CT.2013.1634"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/ejhs.v32i2.5"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2020.1769389"},{"key":"B31","unstructured":"Moon AM, Lowy E, Maier MM, Chartier M, Morgan TR, Hoffman-H\u00f6gg L, Beste LA. Hepatitis A Virus Prevention and Vaccination Within and Outside the Veterans Health Administration in Light of Recent Outbreaks. Fed Pract 2018; 35: S32-S37"}],"container-title":["World Journal of Virology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.wjgnet.com\/2220-3249\/full\/v14\/i1\/97482.htm","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.wjgnet.com\/2220-3249\/full\/v14\/i1\/97482.htm","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]],"date-time":"2024-11-27T00:44:46Z","timestamp":1732668286000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.wjgnet.com\/2220-3249\/full\/v14\/i1\/97482.htm"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"alternative-id":["97482"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5501\/wjv.v14.i1.97482","relation":{},"ISSN":["2220-3249"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2220-3249","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]]}}}