{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T05:56:14Z","timestamp":1781762174910,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Egyptian Association of Immunologists","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["EJI"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematological ailment characterized via specific clinical and molecular heterogeneous disorders. It is associated with poor long-term survival, even with new chemotherapy regimens. T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3 (TIM-3) is a membrane protein expressed in various kinds of immune cells. Recent studies reported that higher TIM-3 expression levels correlate with advanced tumor stages and poor prognosis in several solid tumors. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of TIM-3 as a specific marker of leukemia stem cells (LSCs) in pediatric patients with newly diagnosed AML, and its possible role as a prognostic biomarker. The expression levels of TIM-3 were assessed in the bone marrow aspirate (BMA) of 32 newly diagnosed pediatric AML cases and 10 control subjects by flow cytometry on (CD34+\/CD38+) fraction, as well as on (CD34+\/CD38-) fraction, at the time of diagnosis and at the end of the first cycle of chemotherapy (first induction). These expression levels in patients were then correlated with clinical outcome. TIM-3 expression levels were significantly higher in pediatric AML patients on LSCs (CD34+\/CD38-) and leukemic progenitors (CD34+\/CD38+) fractions compared to the control group (p-value &lt; 0.001). TIM-3 expression levels on LSCs (CD34+\/CD38-) fraction were associated with a higher mortality risk and short survival. In conclusion, T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3 (TIM-3) may serve as LSCs specific biomarker for poor prognosis in pediatric AML patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.55133\/eji.320306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T11:07:40Z","timestamp":1752750460000},"page":"48-58","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["T-cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 expression levels in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia"],"prefix":"10.55133","volume":"32","author":[{"name":"Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Eldesouky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"33636","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"container-title":["The Egyptian journal of Immunology"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T11:07:41Z","timestamp":1752750461000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ejimmunology.org\/vol-32-3-2025-06"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.55133\/eji.320306","relation":{},"ISSN":["1110-4902","2090-2506"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1110-4902","type":"print"},{"value":"2090-2506","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]}}}