{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T19:31:12Z","timestamp":1768764672969,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Egyptian Association of Immunologists","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["EJI"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in type 2 diabetic patients, who have higher risks of mortality and bacteremia. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) plays a dual role: protective at normal levels, but proinflammatory in chronic inflammation. This study aimed to identify the main UTI-causing bacteria in diabetic and non-diabetic individuals, evaluate antibiotic resistance, and assess serum IL-6 levels in both groups. This was a comparative cross-sectional study included 140 patients aged 18\u201370 years, of both sexes, with and without type 2 diabetes. Patients were divided into four groups, each of 35 patients. Group A (controlled diabetic UTI cases, HbA1c \u2264 7%), Group B (uncontrolled diabetic UTI cases, HbA1c &gt; 7%), Group C (non-diabetic UTI cases, HbA1c &lt; 5.7%), and a normal control group. Urine samples were analyzed by culture, bacterial count, organism identification, and antibiotic sensitivity. Serum IL-6 was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA. Group B had the highest mean serum IL-6 level (29.60 \u00b1 10.23), followed by Group A (26.42 \u00b1 9.56), while the control group showed the lowest (15.50 \u00b1 5.42). Candida albicans was more frequent in Group B (14.29%). Gram-negative bacilli predominated in all groups, especially Group A (91.43%). Escherichia coli was the most common bacterial isolate (~50%). Group B had the highest bacterial count (57.89 \u00b1 23.72). Group C showed the highest antibiotic sensitivity, notably to meropenem (91.4%), polymyxin B (82.9%), and amikacin (80.0%). Group B exhibited the highest resistance rates to cefotaxime (79.5%), norfloxacin (61.5%), azithromycin (59%), and cotrimoxazole (56%). In conclusion, diabetic patients, especially those with uncontrolled diabetes, showed higher bacterial loads, more mixed and fungal infections, increased antibiotic resistance, and elevated serum IL-6 levels compared to non-diabetic individuals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.55133\/eji.330101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T07:41:21Z","timestamp":1768722081000},"page":"01-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of serum interleukin-6 level in diabetic patients with urinary tract infections"],"prefix":"10.55133","volume":"33","author":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Damietta Faculty of Medicine (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Egypt, Egypt.","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Esraa","family":"Swilam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"33636","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"container-title":["The Egyptian journal of Immunology"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T07:41:21Z","timestamp":1768722081000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ejimmunology.org\/vol-33-1-2026-01"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.55133\/eji.330101","relation":{},"ISSN":["1110-4902","2090-2506"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1110-4902","type":"print"},{"value":"2090-2506","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]}}}