{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T21:06:00Z","timestamp":1768770360790,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Egyptian Association of Immunologists","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["EJI"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Penicillin, the most well-known \u03b2-lactam antibiotic, is thought to cause allergic responses in 0.7\u201310% of the human population. Atopic and other allergy illnesses are believed to be developed and regulated in part by excessive secretion of Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon-\uf020\uf067 (IFN-\uf020\uf067). In this study, the frequency of penicillin allergy was analyzed by IL-4 and IFN-\uf020\uf067 using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in 45 patients with an allergy to penicillin and 45 apparently healthy subjects as a control group. Also, we determined the IL-4 receptor \u03b1 gene (IL-4 R\u03b1) by using tetra primer-amplification refractory mutation system based polymerase chain reaction (T-ARMS-PCR). The findings demonstrated that IFN-\uf020\uf067 and IL-4 levels in serum of the patients in the experimental group were significantly higher than in the control group. Although IFN-\uf020\uf067 levels were lower than IL-4 in the patients and controls, patients exhibited higher IFN-\uf020\uf067 concentrations compared to control subjects. The IL-4 receptor \u03b1 (R\u03b1) genotype distribution in patients and control groups revealed that genotypes AA, GA, and GG were present in 26 (57.78%), 11 (24.44%), and 8 (17.78%) patient subjects, while in the control group they were present in 17 (37.78%), 21 (46.67%), and 7 (15.56%) subjects. As a result, it seemed that patients had a higher frequency of genotype AA than the control group. In conclusion, penicillin allergy is influenced by IL-4 and IFN-\uf020\uf067, and IL-4 R\u03b1 gene polymorphism revealed that AA and GA genotypes may be linked to \u03b2-lactam allergy, whereas GG genotypes may offer a strong defense against \u03b2-lactam allergy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.55133\/eji.330103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T08:32:03Z","timestamp":1768725123000},"page":"23-30","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Study the role of interleukin-4 and interferon-\uf067 in patients with penicillin allergy"],"prefix":"10.55133","volume":"33","author":[{"name":"Department of Community Health Techniques, Polytechnic College, Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, Iraq.","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raghda","family":"Al-Omari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"33636","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"container-title":["The Egyptian journal of Immunology"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T08:32:03Z","timestamp":1768725123000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ejimmunology.org\/vol-33-1-2026-03"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.55133\/eji.330103","relation":{},"ISSN":["1110-4902","2090-2506"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1110-4902","type":"print"},{"value":"2090-2506","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]}}}